callus basics
This mass of undifferentiated plant cells forms when plant tissue is cultured under the right conditions.
What is a Callus?
This hormone commonly promotes cell division and callus formation.
What is auxin?
This sterile condition is essential to prevent microbes from overtaking cultures.
What is aseptic technique?
Scientists often measure this property of a callus to track growth over time.
What is mass (weight)?
Callus culture can be used to produce large numbers of genetically identical plants through this process.
What is micropropagation?
Plant tissue used to start a culture is called what?
What is an explant?
This hormone often works with auxin to stimulate cell division and shoot formation.
What is a cytokinin?
This nutrient source is commonly added to plant culture media as an energy supply.
What is sucrose?
Fresh weight includes this substance that dry weight removes.
What is water?
Scientists may use callus cultures to introduce new genes using this field of technology.
What is genetic engineering?
Callus cells are often described as lacking this characteristic of mature plant tissues.
What is specialization (differentiation)?
High auxin-to-cytokinin ratios generally favor the formation of these structures.
What are roots?
Most plant callus cultures are grown on a gel made from this seaweed-derived substance.
What is agar?
A rapid increase in cell number is called this phase of growth.
What is the log (exponential) phase?
Some callus cultures are grown specifically to produce these useful plant chemicals.
What are secondary metabolites?
This property allows plant cells to regenerate an entire plant from a single cell.
What is totipotency?
High cytokinin-to-auxin ratios generally favor the formation of these structures.
What are shoots?
This environmental factor must be controlled because extreme values can inhibit growth.
What is temperature?
This graph is commonly used to show callus mass versus time.
What is a growth curve?
Rare or endangered plant species can be preserved using this broad conservation approach.
What is ex situ conservation?
This process occurs when callus tissue develops into shoots, roots, or whole plants.
What is organogenesis (or regeneration)?
The balance of auxins and cytokinins largely controls this developmental outcome in tissue culture.
What is cell differentiation and organ formation?
This culture medium, abbreviated MS, is one of the most widely used in plant tissue culture.
What is mass (weight)?
When nutrients become limiting and growth levels off, cultures enter this phase.
What is the stationary phase?
Researchers can select callus cells that survive stress, disease, or chemicals to develop plants with this trait.
What is improved resistance (or tolerance)?