Division 2
This is the mitotic phase in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell before division
What is metaphase?
This scientist discovered that bacteria can acquire genetic material from their environment
Who is Griffith?
This is the direction in which a new strand of DNA is synthesized
What is the 5' to 3' direction?
A ribosome is a large kind of this, also known as a self-catalytic RNA molecule
What is a ribozyme?
This type of gene regulation activates or unactivates already synthesized proteins
What is post-translational control?
This is the mitotic phase in which the chromosomes condense
What is prophase?
These scientists were the first to construct the double helix model of DNA
Who are Watson and Crick?
These are short segments of new DNA formed complementary to the lagging strand
What are Okazaki fragments?
This describes the state of a tRNA when it is attached to its corresponding amino acid
What is charged?
This modification to histones causes them to loosen up, allowing for gene transcription
These types of cells are the ones that undergo meiosis to produce gametes
What are germline?
These scientists proved that bacterial DNA, not protein, was method of infecting cells
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Duplicating utensils? This formation is created when a DNA strand is split by helicase
What is a replication fork?
This is a mutation in which a STOP codon is introduced, prematurely ending mRNA synthesis
What is a nonsense mutation?
This modification to the histones causes them to pack tighter, preventing gene transcription
What is methylation?
This is the ploidy of the gametes that are formed after meiosis
What is haploid?
These scientists demonstrated that DNA replication is semi-conservative
Who are Meselson and Stahl?
This term describes the movement of DNA replication, as in DNA is replicated in both directions simultaneously
What is bidirectionally?
This is the type of bond that binds the 5'-cap to mRNA before translation
What is a covalent bond?
These kinds of genes are constantly expressed, unaffected by gene regulation
What are constitutive genes?
This is the phase in which DNA content per chromosome doubles before mitosis
What is the S phase?
These three scientists found that bacterial transformation was due to DNA
Who are Avery, McLeod, and McCarty?
This is a nucleotide sequence where the two strands of the DNA double helix are separated, allowing DNA replication to begin
What is the origin of replication?
This amino acid is produced from the START codon
This is a tRNA molecule that is inside a ribosome and connected to the growing polypeptide chain
What is a peptidyl tRNA?