DNA/RNA
What does the polarity of a DNA strand refer to?
The 3' and 5' carbon ends of the polymer give the molecule polarity.
Would the pattern of gene expression in the liver cell of person #1 be more similar to the heart cell of person #1 or the liver cell of person #2.
More similar to the liver cell of person #2
What causes molecules to migrate down a gel during electrophoresis.
The current applied by a power source
What is the role of the enzyme helicase?
Unwinds and separates the DNA parent strands
What major event occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle
DNA replication
A sample of normal double stranded DNA was found to have a guanine [G] content of 12%. What is the expected proportion of adenine [A]?
38%
In a prokaryote, is a transcription factor that prevents the binding of the protein sigma, an example of positive or negative regulation
This would be negative regulation
What molecular technique would you use to amplify DNA in vitro.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Which types of cells have high expression of Telomerase?
Cells that are highly proliferative (dividing a lot)
Which pair contains identical genetic information: two homologous chromosomes or two sister chromatids?
Two sister chromatids
Do either the START or STOP codon of mRNA code for amino acids?
The START codon will code for an amino acid, but the STOP codon will not
List three levels of regulating gene expression in Eukaryotes
Any three from:
Chromatin/DNA accessibility, transcription initiation, RNA splicing/processing, RNA stability, translation control by miRNA/siRNA, or post-translational modification
Which of the following techniques would you use to measure the concentration of a target RNA sequence?
Northern, Southern, or Western blot?
Northern blot
What does replicated DNA look like in the dispersive replication model of DNA replication?
The resulting replicated DNA strands would alternate between parental (old) and new DNA
How many sister chromatid pairs are in a diploid organism with 2n=40 during the G1 phase
Zero. Sister chromatids do not exist until after DNA replication (S phase)
At a specific point in the human genome, an Adenine (A) is found in 3.2% of the population. Would this be considered a point mutation or a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)
What is the cellular location and function of the DICER protein?
DICER is located in the cytoplasm of the cell and is involved in the cleaving and processing of pre-miRNA into miRNA:miRNA (double stranded)
You perform a western blot to analyze the size of a target protein in two samples: WT and mutant. If the mutant protein had a missense mutation, would you expect to find the band above, below, or on the same level as the WT protein band.
You would find it on the same level as the WT band
Bacteria is grown in "heavy" medium (N15), then moved to "light" medium (N14) for one round of DNA replication. If DNA replication is following the conservative model, what band pattern would you expect to see?
Equal sized bands at both N15 and N14
What is the most likely consequence of a null mutation that prevents the formation of the synaptonemal complex in meiosis.
Homologous chromosomes can no longer properly pair, which interferes with crossing over and proper separation
When cloning a gene from a eukaryote into vector that will express the protein of interest in E.coli, why is genomic DNA from the eukaryote a bad source?
The genomic DNA will have introns which the E.coli will not be able to remove as prokaryotes do not have splicing.
Which gene(s) (Z/Y) will a cell with this Lac Operon genotype be able to express in the presence of lactose (induced):
I+ P+ OC Z- Y+ / IS P+ O+ Z+ Y-
In the presence of lactose (induced), this cell can only produce gene Y
When analyzing STRs (short tandem repeats) from a parent and a child on a gel, you notice the parent shows one band and the child has two bands.
The child's second band (STR allele) migrated less than the band (allele) inherited from the analyzed parent. Did the other parent likely contribute a longer or shorter STR?
The other parent contributed a longer STR
Do prokaryotes need the enzyme telomerase? (Also explain why)
No prokaryotes do not need telomerase. Prokaryotic DNA is circular, so there is no "end" to the DNA that would cause the 3' overhang telomerase is needed for.
In mendelian genetics, a yellow and round pea plant (YyRr) is test crossed with a green and wrinkled pea plant (yyrr). What will be the resulting ratio of phenotypes of the F1 generation?
use the order:
yellow/round : yellow/wrinkled : green/round : green/wrinkled
This cross would result in a ratio of
1:1:1:1