Cultural Spheres & Trade
What is the name of transshipment centers that were strategically located in trading cities, often situated at border regions or major ports where ships could anchor and transfer goods?
They served as commercial hubs that connected multiple regions of Afro-Eurasia while also providing political and military support to protect merchants and secure trade routes along their coasts.
Entrepôt
What is the name of the corps of infantry soldiers conscripted as children under the devshirme system of the Ottoman Empire and brought up with intense loyalty to the Ottoman state and its sultan? The sultan used these forces to clip local autonomy and to serve as his personal bodyguards.
Janissaries
Name two major consequences of the Black Death.
Labor shortages, population decline, political instability, peasant unrest, or religious/social change
Who was the Chinese admiral that led massive maritime expeditions during the Ming Dynasty?
Zheng He
What is the name of the wave of attacks launched in the late eleventh century by western European Christians against Muslims? They began in 1095, when Pope Urban II appealed to the warrior nobility of France to free Jerusalem from Muslim rule and were fought over the next two centuries.
The Crusades
What is the name of the set of challenging exams instituted by the Tang to help assess potential bureaucrats’ literary skill and knowledge of the Confucian classics before being selected as government officials?
Civil service examinations
What was the fundamental religion of the Safavid Empire?
Shiite
What is the name of an organization, such as the Dutch East India Company, that combined private investment (where each member owns a share of the company and the capital) with state backing (or monopoly)?
Joint-stock company
What is the name for the spanish military leaders who defeated the Aztec and Inca Empires in the 16th century.
Conquistadors
What is the name of the religious movement started by Martin Luther that challenged and ultimately split from the Catholic Church?
Protestant Reformation
What was the name of the first paper money created by the merchant guilds in northwestern Shanxi, during the Song dynasty, which contributed to their economic boom in the 10th century?
Flying cash
Name the system in which local lords and knights dominated society and controlled the peasantry through political and military power.
Feudalism
What is the key term that describes the movements between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas of previously unknown plants, animals, people, diseases, and products that followed in the wake of European voyages?
Columbian Exchange
What is the term for the labor system that granted colonists land and access to Indigenous labor in Spanish America?
Encomienda system
What is the name of the Renaissance aspiration to develop a greater understanding of the human experience than the Christian scriptures offered by reaching back into ancient Greek and Roman texts?
Humanism
This system was introduced to India by the Turks in the 12th century that would go on to evolve into the modern day caste system.
Varna system
What is the name of the system of trade and exchange that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. In this triangular network, Africa supplied labor, the Americas provided land and raw materials, and Europe contributed technology, manufactured goods, and military power.
Atlantic System
What is the term for when people were sold as property, the rise of which coincided with the expansion of city-states? This labor system also became central to Atlantic plantation economies.
Chattel slavery
What is the name of the indigenous allies who helped Hernán Cortés defeat the Aztecs
Tlaxcalans
Who were the Islamic jurists who stressed tradition and religious law?
Ulama
Name the four major cultural spheres emphasized throughout Block I.
The Islamic World, India, China, and Christian Europe
Name the three major Islamic empires that dominated much of Eurasia during the early modern period.
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
What is the name of the economic theory that drove European empire builders? In this economic system, the world had a fixed amount of wealth, which meant one country’s wealth came at the expense of another’s. It assumed that colonies existed for the sole purpose of enriching the country that controlled the colony.
Mercantilism
What was the main goal of mapping in China?
Placing the realm of the Chinese emperor, as the ruler of “All under Heaven” at the center, surrounded by foreign countries
What is the name of the religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola to counter the inroads of the Protestant Reformation? They were active in politics, education, and missionary work.
Jesuits