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inflammation in a vein that leads to the development of a thrombus or clot
Thrombophlebitis
Function of smooth muscle in the arterioles.
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction :)
- regulate blood flow and pressure
In which conditions could secondary polycythemia develop as compensation? (broad categories and then reason)
Respiratory disorders & congenital heart defects (chronic hypoxia)
Hemophilia A is a genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of _______.
Factor VIII
What does the Myeloid lineage produce?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes/macrophages, RBCs, megakaryocytes/platelets
A thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation, although inflammation may develop secondarily in response to a thrombosis.
phlebothrombosis
Function of extensive capillaries in the liver and lung.
Lungs: maximize surface area for gas exchange
Liver: more efficient metabolic processing and filtration
Common cause of angina, MIs, peripheral vascular disease in the legs, and strokes.
Atherosclerosis
In acute leukemia, what cells accumulate?
Blast cells!
Condition characterized by plaques consisting of lipids, cells, fibrin, and cell debris, often with attached thrombi, which form inside walls of large arteries.
Atherosclerosis
Irregular dilated and tortuous areas of the superficial or deep veins.
Varicosities
List three types of clotting problems:
Why does severe bone pain occur with leukemia?
Rapidly multiplying cancer cells overcrowd the bone marrow, causing intense internal pressure and inflammation
_____ and _______ are caused by inheretid defects in hemoglobin synthesis. These result in excessive hemolysis and a low erythrocyte count.
Sickle cell anemia; thalassemia
Which lipoprotein do we want higher? Which lower?
HDL: high :)
LDL: low :(
Importance of high elastic fiber content in the aorta.
Allows the aorta wall to stretch and expand to accommodate the sudden surge of blood under high pressure
Importance of valves in the leg veins.
Prevent backflow
How does disseminated intravascular coagulation develop?
Increased activation of the clotting mechanism occurs, but also consumes the available clotting factors and platelets and stimulates the fibrinolytic process
How do the cells differ in acute vs. chronic leukemia?
What does the Lymphoid lineage produce?
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells
Name the disorder: low hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, high lymphocyte count, abnormally high numbers of blast cells.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
How might pernicious anemia develop from chronic gastritis?
progressive destruction of the gastric mucosa, which eliminates the cells that produce intrinsic factor
General term for arterial hardening and thickening, affecting smaller vessels.
Arteriosclerosis
Pulmonary emboli are a greater risk with ______, than with _______ in which inflammation is more apparent.
phlebothrombosis; thrombophlebitis
In which polycythemia are serum erythropoietin levels low?
polycythemia vera