Bonding
The ability of an atom to draw electrons to itself in a bond.
What is electronegativity?
The group the halogens belong to in the periodic table and the number of electrons lost/gained when forming an ion.
What is Group 7 and gain 1 electron?
What two things do we look at to identify the shape of a molecule?
Number of bond areas
Number of lone pairs ON THE CENTRAL ATOM
What type of bond is created between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic bond
This is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified Temperature and Pressure.
Solubility
How many valence electrons does a fluorine atom have?
7
Only has one valence electron (can only bond once)
Charge of a Group 16 element when bonding ionically
+2
What type of bonding is present when electrons are shared equally?
Non-polar covalent bond
This solutions contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
Saturated
Why is carbon always in the middle of the molecule (if it's in the molecule)
4 valence electrons that are unbonded.
(4 dots that could still bond)
Identify the BOND type AND the MOLECULE type (polar vs non-polar vs ionic)
NH3
Polar bonds AND polar molecule
The type of substance that is soft, has a low melting point, and is a poor conductor.
What is molecular solid?
What two shapes are ALWAYS polar (and why)
Bent and Pyramidal
** They have lone pairs on the central atom
What is the difference between the shapes for NH3 and BH3?
NH3 = Pyramidal (there's a lone pair on the N)
BH3 = Trigonal Planar (there's NOT a lone pair on the B)
"Likes dissolves likes" tells us that _______
Polar solutes can dissolve in polar solvents.
Non-polar solutes can dissolve in non-polar solvents.
What do electrons do in a polar bond?
Unequally shared electrons
bonds and molecule
CO2
What is polar and nonpolar
The group containing the most reactive (most likely to bond) metals
What is Group 1
What shape does water make?
Bent (two lone pairs on the oxygen)
The shape for NH3.
What is trigonal pyramidal?
Contains a relatively large amount of solute
Concentrated (saturated and supersaturated do not count)
Why is CCl4 non-polar?
The molecule is equally symmetrical OR
The arrows cancel out
What shape does CCl4 make?
Tetrahedral
Charge of a group 13 element in a covalent bond
They don't bond covalently
Name five factors that can impact how fast/how well a substance dissolves.
Agitation
Temperature
Particle size/surface area
Amount of solvent
Concentration