General Bone Tissue
Which class of tissue does bone fall under?
Connective Tissue
Which ossification process is used to create long bones?
Endochondral ossification
Which bone disorder is characterized by low bone mass?
Osteoporosis
What cells MUST I find in connective tissue proper?
Fibroblasts and Fibrocytes
How do we classify epithelia?
1. 1 row of cells = simple, 2+ rows = stratified
2. Shape of cells based on the APICAL surface (Flat = squamous, square-shaped = cuboidal, long = columnar)
What is the functional unit of bone?
Osteon!
True or False: Intramembranous Ossification is used to form bones of the skull and clavicles
TRUE
Which bone disorder is characterized by a vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
What are the two subdivisions of CT proper, and what tissue types do you find in each subdivision?
Dense CT: Dense Regular and Dense Irregular
What epithelium will I find in the alveoli?
Simple Squamous!
What is the name of the chemical compound that makes up the matrix of bone?
Hydroxyapatite - Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
What are mesenchymal cells?
Undifferentiated cells that differentiate into osteoblasts (turn into bone cells) during intramembranous ossification
Which bone cell is responsible for eating away at bone during bone repair?
Osteoclasts
Which connective tissue type underlies ALL* epithelia
Which epithelium will I find in the stomach?
Simple columnar!
List the 5 functions of bone
1. Support
2. Movement/Leverage
3. Protection of underlying organs
4. Mineral storage
5. Blood-Cell formation
List the steps of intramembranous ossification
1. An ossification center appears in the fibrous connective tissue matrix
2. Osteoid (bone matrix) is secreted within fibrous membrane
3. Woven bone and periosteum form
4. Bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears
True or false: The internal callus of a fracture is made up of cartilage
FALSE. The internal callus is made up of spongy bone!
What is the OTHER tissue types found under the Supporting CT (NOT BONE)
Cartilage!
Hyaline, Fibro and Elastic!
Which epithelium do I find in the urinary bladder?
Transitional Epithelium
Name ALL of the classes of tissues found in bone and where you might find them
Connective Tissue - Bone is a type of connective tissue
Nervous Tissue - Gotta have innervation to move!
Muscle Tissue - Tendons and Ligaments!
Epithelial Tissue - In blood vessels!
List the steps of endochondral ossification
1. Chondrocytes enlarge in the hyaline cartilage matrix
2. Blood vessels grow alongside the bone; bone forms outside the cartilage
3. Blood vessels penetrate diaphysis, forming Primary Ossification Center
4. Bone Remodeling Occurs
5. Blood vessels penetrate epiphyses, forming Secondary Ossification Centers
6. Epiphyseal plate seals, bone stops growing
What are the steps in bone fracture repair?
1. Extensive bleeding leads to fracture hematoma forming (blood clot)
2. Internal callus (Spongy Bone) and external callus (Cartilage and Bone) stabilize the fracture
3. External callus turns completely to bone, damaged bone pieces are eaten away (by osteoclasts)
4. Bone remodeling occurs, swelling goes down
Which subdivision of Dense CT will I expect to find in my skin?
Dense Irregular CT
Which epithelium do I find in the respiratory tract? DO NOT GIVE ME THE SHORTHAND FOR THIS ONE
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium