This influential 20th-Century political philosopher wrote a book entitled A Theory of Justice.
Who is John Rawls?
100
This thrice-named philosopher is most often associated with utilitarian views of justice.
Who is John Stuart Mill?
100
The compensation of this late NBA star was used to illustrate Nozick’s theory of economic justice.
Who is Wilt Chamberlain?
100
This idea holds that private property can be seized for the public good without the private property owner’s consent.
What is eminent domain?
100
Various views of this idea are based on fairness, equality, rights, and deserts (what people deserve).
What is justice?
200
According to Rawls, the type of good that all persons will want more of regardless of their circumstances.
What are primary social goods?
200
This theorist’s conceptualization of injustice involves the violation of the rights of some identifiable person.
Who is John Stuart Mill?
200
This ancient Greek philosopher viewed justice as the paramount virtue, or as the sum of virtue with regard to our relations with others.
Who is Plato?
200
This New England town featured in Case 3.1 shares both its name and the name of its river with its Old World sister city.
What is New London, CT?
200
For utilitarians, the maximization of this commodity ultimately determines what is just and unjust.
What is happiness?
300
A thought experiment proposed by Rawls in which people imagine that they have no distinguishing demographic characteristics when deciding on principles of morality and justice.
What is the veil of ignorance?
300
This controversial principle described by Rawls justifies economic and social inequalities.
What is the difference principle?
300
This theory, first proposed by Robert Nozick, holds that the distribution of goods, money, and property is just if people have acquired what they have without violating the rights of anyone else.
What is entitlement theory?
300
This terms describes the official justification given for right of government seizure of private goods. In other words, such public seizure can’t occur without this.
What is just compensation?
300
This value is held by libertarians to reign supreme above all others.
What is freedom?
400
According to Rawls, the only permissible beneficiaries of social and economic inequalities.
Who are the "least advantaged members of society"?
400
First described by John Locke, this is the speculative condition of man prior to the formation of government, in which a man had a right to his property so long as it did not fall into disrepair to the point that it could be considered a waste.
What is “state of nature”?
400
This economist and Nobel Prize laureate demonstrated that changing market entitlements can lead to mass starvation.
Who is Amartya Sen?
400
Prior to 1913, the U.S. Constitution did not permit Congress to collect this current mainstay of government revenue?
What is personal income tax?
400
This school of thought holds that individual liberties should never be restricted—except in cases where one’s actions harm another—even if doing so would increase net happiness for all.
What is libertarianism?
500
This Rawlsian rule states that you should always select the one option among alternatives that offers the best possible worst-case scenario among the alternatives.
What is the maximin rule?
500
This term is commonly applied to Rawlsian theories of justice in economic distribution.
What is egalitarian?
500
This justice theorist argued against simple pluralistic views of distribution in favor of a a more nuanced view that distributive criteria are determined by the particular, historically-shaped social meanings of the goods in question.
Who is Michael Walzer?
500
This type of justice concerns the proper distribution of social benefits and burdens.
What is distributive justice?
500
This French term describes the libertarian ideal position of government vis-à-vis operations of the free market.