Innovation & Growth
Why did the economy of the Southern United States lag behind other regions of the country?
Economic devastation post-Civil War
What were two forms of integration companies pursued to decrease costs and maximize profit?
Horizontal and Vertical Integration
What was a common tool used by workers in collective bargaining?
Strikes
The source of European immigration changed in 1870 from which regions to what new regions
(From Blank regions to Blank regions)
North/West ; South/East
____ to ____ movement characterized domestic migration and demographic patterns
Rural to Urban
Which class of Americans grew in size during this time period?
Middle Class
Complete control of a product or service
Monopoly
What are two innovations that drove economic development?
Electricity, Telegraph, Steel, Factories/Mass Production, Timezones
What is the main idea of Social Darwinism?
The most successful people in a society would rise to the top and the poor were undeserving of assisstance; survival of the fittest
Socialism
Name of the immigration processing center in San Francisco
Angel Island
What are two innovations that improved urban life?
mass transit, building codes, skyscrapers, central heating, plumbing
The culture of increased buying of products that were produced for cheaper than ever before
consumerism
The name for the era of American history that was described as having a "facade of prosperity"
The Gilded Age
What factors help explain the growth of industry in the late 1800s? (Name at least two)
Demands of the Civil War, Natural Resources, increase in immgiration, minimal government regulation
Why would someone use Robber Baron over Captain of Industry to describe business leaders and entrepenuers?
Robber Baron describes the unfair business practices while the captain of industry label focuses on the positives of economic expansion and philanthropy
What are 3 challenges facing workers?
Long hours, dirty conditions, common accidents, child labor, wage slavery, company towns
Why did some Americans fear immigration?
What are two public health concerns facing cities?
Disease, fire, crime, overcrowding, dirty water, sewage/trash
What factors led to the increase in colleges and universities?
Literacy rates increased as public education became more available
Dramatic increase in the number of cities and their population
Urbanization
Mechanization caused laborers/farmers to lose jobs
Evironmental Damage
What made Rockefeller such a successful business man?
Created oil monopolies by using vertical and horizontal integration.
Who organized the Pullman Strike, the American Railway Union, the IWW, and founded the American Socialist Party?
Eugene Debs
Describe the treatment of Chinese immigrants
Treated more harshly, faced extreme conditions, strict rules, and were fully banned from the US due to the Chinese Exclusion Act
" You shall come away agreeing that life there does not seem worth living. The airshaft is so busy letting out foul stenches that it has no time to earn its name by bringing down fresh air" The quote describes what aspect of urban living?
Tenement housing
Why did popular entertainment experience a boom?
Venues could be reached from urban centers, inexpensive, provided a short break/vacation for workers that couldn't leave the city
Negotiating as a group for higher wages or better working conditions?
Collective Bargaining
Describe three impacts of industrialization on the lives of Americans
Americans move to cities leading to overcrowding, Increased access to cheap goods, Waste created environmental concerns, New technologies improved life, Faster transportation
What are the names of two major steps the federal government took to combat big business?
The Interstate Commerce Commission ; Sherman Anti-Trust Act
How did the Haymarket Riots weaken the work of labor unions?
People perceived unions as violent, radicals, and the government refused to protect labor unions
What are Push and Pull Factors? Give an example of each
Push factors compel people to leave their homes, Pull factors attract immigration
How did architecture enable the growth of cities?
Architecture like skyscrapers allowed space for more people to live and work. City planning helped cities become more functional/beautiful
What does Twain, Pulitzer, Hearst, Alger, Tin Pan Alley, Vaudeville, and Buffalo Bill Cody have in common?
All contributed to the creation of popular culture, entertainment, and media
Theory advocating minimal government in the economy
Laissez-Faire