Defining Learning
The relatively enduring change in behavior or the mechanisms of behavior that occurs as a result of an individual’s experience.
What is learning
They believed that experience, esp. sensory experiences, were the basis of knowledge, and that ideas were based on associations of simple sensory events.
Who are the British Empiricists or associtionists
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) oversees all studies using
What is nonhuman animal participants
This can be a specific feature or an environmental cue that elicits a modal action pattern
What is a sign stimulus or releasing stimulus
In addition to intensity, these three are part of
Brown’s Secondary Principles of Association.
What are frequency, recency, length (duration), and intensity
Learning can include a new skill/behavior, or the decrease of a previously performed response/behavior. Also known as _____ and ______.
What is acquisition and inhibition/suppression
Of Aristotle’s primary rules of association, which has been most prominent and/or studied in the understanding of associations?
What is contiguity
If we measured the amount of time from when Skylar’s mom tells her to put her shoes on to when Skylar completes the task, we would be measuring
What is response latency
From a learning perspective, this is defined as the relationship between a specific event and a response (aka stimulus-response relationship)
What is a reflex
The observable actions of an organism at a specific time, known as ______ can indicate that learning has occurred but it’s often not a sufficient measure of learning.
What is performance
We are likely to make stronger associations with events in our lives that are emotionally arousing. This statement relates to what principle of association?
What is intensity (Brown’s Secondary Principles of Association)
Using the figure below, if you measured the number of lines that the person drew outside of the shape across 15 trials, you would be measuring
What is error
You sneeze after sprinkling some pepper on your food. The sneeze can be considered a(n)
What is an elicited response
Information about the _____ of learning is often gathered during the acquisition phase (period when an animal is acquiring a new skill/behavior).
What is the process
Ebbinghaus’s results suggest that continuing to study material after you have learned it perfectly will.
What is improve your ability to remember it later
The figure to the right shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______.
What is a between-participants design
Some researchers propose that these features of a yawn suggest that it may be an example of a MAP
What are duration and completion
This fits part of the definition of learning: it is long-term change but it is typically not an example of learning because it does not require interaction with the environment (i.e., experience).
What is maturation
You experience a painful stomachache immediately after eating food from your favorite restaurant. As a result, you no longer order food from that restaurant. Which primary principle of association likely influenced your behavior (be specific)?
What is temporal contiguity
The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the number of aggressive acts committed by a student before and after an emotion regulation training. This study is an example of _______.
What is a within-participant design
Based on an understanding of MAPs and sign stimuli, some researchers suggest that traumatic events may represent
What are supernormal stimuli