Organisms
Biological Structures & Systems
Molecules & Materials
Processes & Phenomena
Scientists
1000

A unicellular fungus associated with fermentation, brewing or baking.

Yeast

1000

The membrane-bound cellular compartment containing most eukaryotic DNA.

Nucleus

1000

A nitrogen-containing stimulant found in coffee, tea and other drinks.

Caffeine

1000

Net water movement across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration or water-potential difference.

Osmosis

1000
Revolutionized biology by proposing the theory of evolution through natural selection, establishing that all life shares common ancestry in his landmark 19th-century work.






Charles Darwin

2000

An egg-laying Australian mammal with a bill.

Platypus 

2000

A junction through which a neuron communicates with another cell.

Synapse

2000

A synthetic polyamide commonly used as a fibre.

Nylon

2000

Using electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

Electrolysis

2000
Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance by breeding pea plants, proving that traits are passed down through discrete units called genes.






Gregor Mendel

3000

A neotenic (baby-like) aquatic salamander noted for regeneration.

Axolotl

3000

The functional cellular unit of the kidney that filters blood and produces urine.

Nephron

3000

A one-atom-thick sheet of carbon arranged in a hexagonal lattice.

Graphene. Graphite is a layer of graphene, so this is also acceptable.

3000

Direct transition from a solid to a gas.

Sublimation

3000

Formulated the Periodic Law and created the first Periodic Table of Elements.

Dmitri Mendeleev

4000

The microscopic eight-legged “water bear” capable of cryptobiosis, noted for its extreme tolerance of seemingly unsurvivable conditions.

Tardigrade

4000

A plant epidermal pore regulated by guard cells.

Stoma; "stomata" is also acceptable.

4000

Structural polysaccharide which forms the tough exoskeletons of insects and cell walls of fungi, is chemically distinct from cellulose because its glucose subunits contain nitrogen.

 Chitin

4000

Production of light by a living organism/chemical reaction.

Either bioluminescence or chemiluminescence is acceptable.

4000

Known as the Father of Modern Chemistry, revolutionized the field by discovering the role of oxygen in combustion, establishing the Law of Conservation of Mass, and creating the modern system of chemical nomenclature

Antoine Lavoisier

5000
Widespread, black-spored fungus commonly known as black mold that is widely used in biotechnology to industrially produce citric acid and various digestive enzymes.






Black Mould/Aspergillus Niger 

5000

A mechanosensory system that detects water movement in fish and some aquatic vertebrates.

Lateral line

5000

The spherical C₆₀ carbon cage.

Buckminsterfullerene. "C₆₀," or "buckyball" will also be accepted.

5000

Nutrient enrichment of water causing excessive biological growth and often oxygen depletion.

Eutrophication

5000
Nobel Prize-winning biochemist who discovered the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), the fundamental cellular process that converts food into energy.






Hans Krebs

M
e
n
u