Terms and People
This Bay Area native resisted Japanese Internment during World War II
Who is Fred Korematsu
This law provided Indian children and adults to white settlers for the purpose of "apprenticing" or indenturing, and also punished "vagrant" Indians (who could not provide sufficient bond or bail) by hiring them out to the highest bidder at a public auction.
The 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (and it's 1860 amendment)
This is the year the Spanish arrived to Alta California
This agreement ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the United States and ceded Mexican land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
What is the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Clauses that were inserted into property deeds to prevent people who were not White from buying or occupying homes, often with caveats for servants or domestic workers.
What are Racial covenants
This man was the head of the LADWP during the creation of the LA Aqueduct
Who is Mulholland?
This law was intended to encourage Native Americans in the United States to leave their reservations, acquire vocational skills, and assimilate into the general population. It's also known by this name...
What is the Indian Relocation Act of 1956
What were Costo and Costo's motivations for publishing The Missions of California: A Legacy of Genocide?
In opposition to Junipero Serra's canonization process and "The Serra Report" which included interviews of eight pro-Serra historians and anthropologists (Mission Apologists)
From 1910 to 1970, six million African Americans migrated out of the South to other parts of the country. During the second wave of this, thousands came to the Bay Area.
This type of mining uses high-pressure water jets, delivered via nozzles, to blast entire hillsides to extract gold. In the mid 1800s, it eroded the land, choked rivers, and wreaked havoc on the environment
What is Hydraulic Mining
This man was born a subject of Spain, became an officer of the Republic of Mexico and was influential in transitioning the territory to the United States' state of California. He built much of his empire on California Indian labor in modern-day Sonoma County.
Who is Mariano Vallejo
This policy, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942 would dramatically change the lives of over 120,000 people.
What is Executive Order 9006
This period brought forth the end of the Spanish colonial order and sold or gave away Mission land and property in large land grants.
What is Secularization or specifically the Mexican Secularization Act of 1833
In Oxnard, architects strategically constructed this neighborhood as a substandard place that housed a predominantly Mexican population of factory laborers, field workers, and their families.
What is La Colonia
This 19th-century Sacramento-based fort is often called by the name its founder gave it
What is "New Helvetia" or "Nueva Helvetia" meaning New Switzerland.
This man, an unlikely "Californio" was a German-born Swiss turned Mexican national and was highly involved in California Indian slavery and slave trafficking in the Sacramento Area
Who is John Sutter
The Cubic Air Ordinance in LA (and SF) required that all residents have at least five hundred cubic feet of space per person in their living quarters. This policy was only enforced in these communities.
What are Chinese communities
Define presidarios
Indian convict labor from the Missions used to work the Presidios. Spanish authorities routinely condemned both baptized and unbaptized Indians they accused of everyday crimes to hard labor at one of the presidios.
While under U.S. occupation, California Senator Henry Halleck is attributed with creating this 1847 system that was akin to southern black codes.
The "certificate and pass system". It required Indians to carry a passport or gain some form of permission from their employer as they moved about the state .
The Vallejo compound was built on a natural spring. The local tribe supposedly called this place “Chiucuyem” or mountain tears. What is the name in Latin?
Lachryma Montis
This former LADWP employee, along with the Los Angeles Chinatown Corp., created New Chinatown.
Who is Peter Soo Hoo
This often overlooked policy left California Indians defenseless against slave raiders—thus facilitating the ease of kidnapping and slave raids upon Native communities
1854 – Act to Prevent the Sale of Firearms and Ammunition to Indians
This mandate granted Indians the right to separate themselves from the missions. To do so many wrote short appeals in hopes for a better life.
Decree of Emancipation in Favor of the Neophytes. Published July 25, 1826 under Governor Echeandía
Between 1850 and 1865, California state militias hunted and murdered Native people, destroying entire communities. These state-sanctioned efforts are known as...
What is “Expeditions Against the Indians”
This environmental event coincided with the start of the Great Depression, bringing thousands of climate refugees to California.
What is the Dust Bowl