Carbon Chemistry
This is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate, such as glucose or fructose.
What is a monosaccharide?
This is the total number of ATP molecules a cell can produce from one molecule of glucose during CR.
What is 36 ATP?
These are the two types of fermentation.
What are alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?
This is the location where Glycolysis occurs (outside the mitochondria).
What is the cytoplasm?
In the lab, yeast used this sugar faster because it is already a simple sugar and "ready to go".
What is glucose?
These are the smallest units (monomers) of proteins.
What are amino acids?
Name the reactants and products of CR.
Reactants: Sugar + O2
Products: CO2 + H2O + ATP
This is the only step shared by both Cellular Respiration and Fermentation.
What is Glycolysis?
This specific area is where the Krebs Cycle takes place.
What is the matrix of the mitochrondria?
This condition occurs when the pancreas cannot pump enough digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
What is Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)?
The sugar the body uses to gain quick energy - the energy put there by plants - is the sun's energy.
What are carbohydrates?
These are the three stages of CR.
What are glycolosis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain?
This is the total ATP yield for a cell performing fermentation.
What is 2 ATP?
Unlike animals, these organisms contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria, allowing them to perform photosynthesis and CR.
What are plants?
A mammal born with this condition would struggle to survive because it cannot break down the disaccharide found in milk.
What is lactose intolerance?
This is the smallest unit of a nucleic acid like DNA or RNA.
What is a nucleotide?
These are the three products of Glycolysis.
What are 2 pyruvic acids, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP?
This is where fermentation takes place within the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
This structure is where the Electron Transport Chain takes place.
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
This byproduct of the Electron Transport Chain is why you can "see your breath" on a freezing winter day.
What is water vapor?
Because the body cannot use large sugars in their complex form, it uses these special proteins to break them down into simple sugars to access energy.
What are enzymes?
Oxygen is critical because it acts as this at the very end of the Electron Transport Chain.
What is the final electron acceptor?
This remains in the cytoplasm during fermentation.
What is pyruvic acid?
______________ is how humans and animals store extra glucose. _______________ and ______________ are how plants store extra glucose.
What is glycogen? What are starch and cellulose?
This is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis.
What is CO2 + H2O → Sugar + O2?