HTN
What hypertension medication do you give in pregnancy?
labetalol
What class of hypertension medications are contraindicated in HF?
CCB
What murmur is described as mid systolic click, heard best at apex?
mitral valve prolapse
What are the systolic murmurs? (4)
aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, and benign
What are the ADR of ACE? (2)
cough and angioedema
Best medication classifications for hypertension in diabetes? (2)
ACE and ARB
What medication do you avoid with poorly controlled hypertension?
Triptans
What murmur is described as low pitched, diastolic, hear best at apex in left lateral position and has an opening snap?
mitral stenosis
What murmur is described as harsh, crescendo-decrescendo, heard at right 2nd intercostal space and radiates to neck/carotids?
aortic stenosis
Common ADR of beta blockers? (3)
fatigue, bradycardia and exercise intolerance
Monitor for hypokalemia in what hypertension medication?
Thiazides
What should be goal blood pressure for adults >60 years old (with and without CKD and DM)? What is the goal blood pressure for adults <60 years old (with and without CKD and DM)?
<150/90
<140/90
What murmur is described as crescendo-decrescendo, medium-pitched; heard at 3rd and 4th left intercostal spaces with radiation down left sternal border and apex?
pulmonic stenosis
What murmur is described as pan systolic blowing, heard at apex, and can be laterally displaced?
mitral regurgitation
What does each wave on an EKG represent? (P, QRS, and T)
P: depolarization and contraction of atria
QRS: depolarization and contraction of ventricles
T: ventricular repolarization
What 2 classifications of hypertension medications reduce insulin sensitivity?
diuretics and beta blockers
What lifestyle modifications do you recommend for HTN?
DASH diet, weight loss, reduce sodium intake to 1500-2300mg/day, 150 min/week of physical activity, lower alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation
What murmur is described as loud and blowing, heard best at left 3rd-4th intercostal space and increases when leaning forward?
aortic regurgitation
What murmur is described as early systolic, crescendo-decrescendo, is heard best when sitting supine and disappears when holding breath?
benign murmur
What is the mechanism of action in CCB?
inhibiting the influx of extracellular calcium in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
What hypertension medication should you avoid in diabetes and gout?
thiazides (increases uric acid levels)
Avoid thiazide in patients with what allergy?
Sulfa
What murmurs do you always refer out to cardiology?
diastolic
What are the diastolic murmurs? (2)
Where is the mechanism of action of thiazides (HCTZ)?
distal convoluted tubule