Pharmacology
Extra 100 points to identify the Drug Class.
What is Procainamide? (Class IA)
The SA node resides in this right atrial structure.
What is the crista terminalis?
This term refers to stiffening of elastic arteries, causing a reduced compliance.
What is Arteriosclerosis?
Purkinje cells appear pale because of a higher content of this protein that displaces myofibrils to the cell periphery.
What is glycogen?
A crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids is indicative of this.
What is aortic stenosis?
By removing vagal influences, this drug can temporarily revert sinus bradycardia to normal sinus rate.
What is Atropine?
The Superior Mediastinum has an inferior boundary of this.
What is the Transverse Thoracic Plane?
Calcium and this protein form a complex that activates MLCK which phosphorylates regulatory myosin light chains, permitting crossbridge formation.
What is calmodulin?
This heart layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue with adipose cells and a mesothelium border.
What is the epicardium?
Patient A presents with a STEMI in the anterior leads. The coronary occlusion he is experiencing is less likely to develop into mitral regurgitation than Patient B who presents with STEMI in the posterior leads. These internal ventricular structures are more protected in Patient A than in Patient B.
What are papillary muscles?
A drug causes the upregulation of cell surface LDL cholesterol receptors. It does this by reducing syntehsis of this intermediate molecule.
What is mevalonate?
Indomethacin is prescribed for a premature baby girl. The structure targeted by this drug originated from this embryonic structure.
Extra 100 points for the structure being targeted.
What is the Sixth Aortic Arch? (Structure = Ductus Arteriosus)
Phase 0 depolarization of the SA/AV nodes is driven by the opening of these channels.
A man suffered from an aortic aneurysm. His skin revealed nodular lesions throughout his trunk and extremities.
This condition was not treated, leading to his symptoms.
What is syphilis?
A woman with PMHx of MI presents with orthopnea, weight gain, and swollen ankles. Her doctor would be most likely to hear this upon auscultation.
What is a third heart sound (S3)?
Inhibition of this enzyme will restore peripheral vasodilation, renal diuresis, and will inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
What is Neprilysin?
This structure travels under the right subclavian artery.
What is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?
This structure(s) isolates the atrium and ventricular myocardium, allowing for the proper sequencing of excitation.
What is the Cardiac Skeleton? (and Atrioventricular Ring)
A patient with this condition has nonbacterial vegetations along the mitral valve that puts them at risk for embolism.
What is Marantic Endocarditis?
A patient is treated with beta-blockers, RAAS modulators, diuretics, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. They have a genetic mutation affecting the dystrophin protein. They most likely have this condition.
What is Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
A newborn baby has a continuous murmur in both systole and diastole. A drug helped get rid of the murmur. This drug inhibited these lipid compounds.
What are Prostaglandins E1 and E2?
This extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the interventricular wall, carrying cardiac conduction system fibers from the right bundle branch.
What is the moderator band?
Aortic baroreceptors relay sensory information to this medullary structure.
Extra 100 points to name the nerve afferents the information travels in?
What is the Nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS)? (Vagus Nerve (CNX)
A patient with a mutation involving their TSC1 gene prevents the proper formation of hamartin, a tumor-suppressor protein. This patient is at risk of this type of cardiac tumor.
Extra 100 points for the name of the underlying condition.
What is Rhabdomyoma? (Tuberous sclerosis)
Extra 100 points to identify the condition.
What is Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction? (Tetralogy of Fallot)