CC Procedure
The scientist most closely associated with classical conditioning.
Who is Pavlov?
Occurs when, after the CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the CS no longer produces a CR.
What is classical extinction?
Occurs when pre-exposure to a neutral stimulus alone on multiple occasions prior to conditioning trials reduces the likelihood that the stimulus will become a CS and elicit a CR when it’s subsequently paired with a US.
What is Latent Inhibition?
The client is exposed to the feared (conditioned) stimulus while preventing the client from making his/her usual avoidance response
What is exposure with response prevention?
Developed by Joseph Wolpe as a treatment for phobic anxiety
What is systematic desensitization?
Meat powder
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Occurs when a CR returns after it was apparently extinguished
What is spontaneous recovery?
Involves treating a CS (e.g., a ringing bell) as an unconditioned stimulus and pairing it with a neutral stimulus.
What is higher-order conditioning?
Involves sustained exposure to stimuli that elicit the most intense levels of anxiety during all exposure sessions.
What is flooding?
Used to treat addictions and other self-reinforcing behaviors
What is aversion therapy?
Presentation of the CS precedes and overlaps presentation of the US.
What is delay conditioning?
This was best described by John Watson, a small child, and a rodent.
What is Stimulus Generalization?
Occurs apparently because the second neutral stimulus does not provide any new information about the occurrence of the US
What is blocking?
Often used to treatment substance use disorders
What is cue exposure therapy?
The client learns relaxation. The client and therapist develop a hierarchy of events. The client imagines steps in the hierarchy and uses relaxation strategies while doing so.
What are the steps to systematic desensitization?
The CS is presented and terminated just before the US is presented.
What is trace conditioning?
Caused by a conflict between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the central nervous system
What is experimental neurosis?
Occurs when two neutral stimuli are, from the start, repeatedly presented together before the US.
What is overshadowing?
The therapist encourages the client to exaggerate his/her image of the feared object or event in order to elicit a high level of anxiety and embellishes the scene being imagined by the client with psychodynamic conflicts that are believed to underlie the client’s anxiety
What is implosive therapy?
When aversion therapy is conducted in imagination rather than in vivo
What is covert sensitization?
The CS and US are presented and terminated at about the same time.
What is simultaneous conditioning?
The opposite of stimulus generalization and is the ability to discriminate between the CS and similar stimuli.
What is stimulus discrimination?
Blocking and Overshadowing
What is compound conditioning?
Involves progressive exposure to anxiety-arousing stimuli, beginning with the least anxiety-arousing stimulus and gradually progressing to stimuli that produce increasingly greater levels of anxiety.
What is graded exposure?
Extinguishes the anxiety response to these stimuli by repeatedly presenting them without that unconditioned stimulus.
What is systematic desensitization?