Cell Types
These have no membrane-bound organelles
What are prokaryotes?
This separates the cell from the external environment
What is cell membrane?
What are phospholipids?
This process makes copies of DNA
What is replication?
The purpose of mitosis
These have membranes around organelles
What are eukaryotes?
This organelle holds the genetic material
What is nucleus?
The movement of solutes from high to low concentration
What is diffusion?
These two processes make RNA and then protein
What is transcription and translation?
This type of cell has half the number of chromosomes
What is haploid?
This structure is found on the outside of plant cells, not animal cells
What is cell wall?
This organelle has ribosomes on it to help make proteins
What is rough ER?
This is a type of transport where solutes are moved from low to high concentration
What is active transport?
Name a difference between DNA and RNA
What is single vs double stranded, what is thymine vs uracil; what is deoxyribose vs ribose?
The phase of mitosis/meiosis lines the chromosomes in the center of the cell
What is metaphase?
This structure is found in plant cells, and helps make glucose
What is chloroplast
This organelle stores excess nutrients
What is vacuole?
This helps with cell to cell recognition and signaling
What is carbohydrate?
___________ adds nucleotides during DNA replication, and ____________ adds nucleotides during transcription
What is DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?
The end of mitosis has: (choose all that apply from diploid, haploid, sister chromatids, no sister chromatids, one cell, two cells, four cells)
What is diploid, no sister chromatids, and two cells?
This structure is used for movement by some prokaryotes and eukaryotes (it looks like a tail)
What is flagella?
This organelle helps breakdown waste
What is lysosome?
______________ are made on the ____________ because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the ___________ to _________ direction.
What are Okazaki fragments; lagging strand; 5' to 3'?
At the end of meiosis I, there are ________ (number) cells, which are _________ (haploid or diploid) with sister chromatids. At the end of meiosis II there are ___________ (number) cells, which are (haploid or diploid) without sister chromatids.
What is 2 haploid, and 4 haploid?