Scientist and cell theory
He coined the term "cell" after observing cork oak under a simple microscope.
Robert Hooke
This type of microscope uses a single lens to magnify an image, similar to a standard magnifying glass.
simple light microscope
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotic cells lack this membrane-bound control center containing genetic material.
nucleus
Known as the "powerhouse of the cell," this organelle generates chemical energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
mitochondrion
This jelly-like fluid fills the cell and holds the organelles in place
cytoplasm (or cytosol)
This German botanist concluded in 1838 that all plants are made of cells
Mathias Scleiden
This instrument uses visible light and two or more glass lenses to magnify specimens up to about 1,000 to 1,500 times.
compound light microscope
Bacteria and Archaea belong to this category of single-celled organisms.
prokaryotes
Found in plant cells, this organelle captures sunlight energy to produce glucose during photosynthesis.
chloroplast
This selective, semi-permeable barrier controls what enters and exits the cell.
What is the cell membrane (or plasma membrane)
This scientist concluded that all animals are made of cells and collaborated to form the first two tenets of Cell Theory.
Theodor Schwann
This electron microscope bounces electrons off the surface of a specimen to produce a detailed 3D image of its outer structure.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Plant, animal, fungal, and protist cells all belong to this domain of organisms with membrane-bound organelles
eukaryotes
These small, non-membrane-bound structures synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.
ribosomes
Often called the "shipping center" or "post office" of the cell, it modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
Golgi apparatus
He added the third tenet to Cell Theory by stating that all cells arise only from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula e cellula).
Rudolf Virchow
This microscope passes a beam of electrons through an ultra-thin specimen to reveal detailed internal cell structures.
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Instead of a nucleus, the circular DNA of a prokaryote is concentrated in an open area of the cytoplasm called this.
nucleoid (or nucleoid region)
This rigid outer layer outside the cell membrane gives support, shape, and protection to plant, fungal, and bacterial cells
cell wall
This network of folded membranes assists in folding proteins and producing lipids; it can be "rough" or "smooth."
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Name all three statements that make up the Classical Cell Theory.
(1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells,
(2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms, and
(3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
This ultra-high resolution microscope uses a sharp conducting probe to scan atomic-level contours on a conductive surface.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Name two cellular structures that are present in BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes
any two of: cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, or DNA
Plant cells typically have one large central one of these for water storage, while animal cells have several smaller ones
What is a vacuole
Containing digestive enzymes, these sac-like organelles break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders.
What are lysosomes