Cell Growth
Cells that are more efficient have a ________ surface area to volume ratio.
Larger
What are the two stages of cell DIVISION?
mitosis & cytokinesis
What is a mass of rapidly dividing cells called?
Tumor
What is the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site?
metastasis
What is the phase of the cell cycle in which chromosomes are visible and are being pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell?
anaphase
The rate at which materials move in/out of cells is determined by which measurement?
A cell's surface area
What is the phase in which chromosomes are visible and lined up across the middle of a cell?
metaphase
What is cancer is CAUSED by?
Defects in genes (that control cell growth)
Name 2 common symptoms of cancer (there are multiple possible answers)
Abnormal lumps
Obvious changes in a wart or a mole
A change in bowel or bladder habits
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Persistent cough or blood-tinged saliva
A sore that does not heal
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
Unexplained fatigue
What is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in 2 new daughter cells?
cytokinesis
A cell's surface area is equivalent to which organelle?
cell membrane
What is the period of growth in-between cell divisions?
Interphase
What are the 2 main types of controls that determine how fast a cell divides?
External factors & internal factors
Cancerous tumors are referred to as ___________.
malignant
What is the end result of cell division?
2 daughter cells with identical DNA
The rate at which materials are USED by cells is determined by which measurement?
A cell's volume
What is the structure that helps divide plant cells during cytokinesis?
Cell Plate
What are the types of proteins that bind to receptors on the cell & stimulate cell division?
Growth Factors
What is a type of test that looks for cancer indicators before a person has any symptoms?
screening test
What is the division of the cell nucleus?
mitosis
Name one problem caused by cell growth (there are multiple correct answers).
-higher demands on DNA -trouble expelling wastes -trouble obtaining enough food
What is the phase in which the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromatin condenses into chromosomes?
Prophase
What is the name of the family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle?
Cyclins
What is a sample of cells or tissue that is removed & examined under a microscope?
biopsy
What is uncoiled DNA combined with histone proteins called?
Chromatin