Vocabulary
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis Phases
Regulating the Cell Cycle
Miscellaneous
100
What is cell division and why do cells need to divide the larger they become?
Cell division is the process by which cells divide into two new daughter cells. The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA. A larger cell is less efficient in moving nutrients and waste materials across the membrane.
100
In order for a cell to divide, what must the cell do first?
Duplicate its genetic information
100
What is the longest phase of Mitosis?
Prophase
100
How is the cell regulated?
The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins both inside and outside the cell.
100
If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis?
12
200
What is cell differentiation?
During the development of an organism, cells differentiate into many types of cells.
200
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46 chromosomes
200
During which phase are the chromosomes lined up across the center of the cell?
Metaphase
200
What are growth factors?
Growth factors stimulate the growth and division of cells.
200
Where are sister chromatids attached?
Centromere
300
What is a centriole?
Centrioles are tiny paired structures that are located in the centrosome. Spindle fibers extend from this region to separate the duplicated chromosomes.
300
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
binary fission
300
During which phase do the chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell?
Anaphase
300
What is a tumor?
A mass of cancer cells
300
Name an advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
Advantage-- reproduce quickly Disadvantage-- lack of genetic diversity
400
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two separate parent cells. The offspring produced inherit some of their genetic information from each parent.
400
What happens during the M phase of the Eukaryotic cell cycle?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
400
What is the difference between Telophase and Cytokinesis?
During Telophase, the chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin. A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. During Cytokinesis, it splits into two new daughter cells.
400
How do cancer cells differ from other cells?
Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. As a result, the cells divide uncontrollably.
400
What is cyclin?
Cyclin is a protein that regulates the cell cycle.
500
What is the difference between totipotent and pluripotent?
Totipotent-- a cell that is able to develop into any type of cell in the body Pluripotent-- a cell that can develop into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
500
Describe the three parts of interphase.
G1-- Cell Growth S (synthesis)-- DNA replication G2-- Preparing for cell division
500
Name the phases of Mitosis in order.
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
500
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death.
500
What is a blastocyst?
A blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass.
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