Cell Membrane Structure & Function
This double-layered sheet of lipid molecules forms the core structural barrier of all cell membranes.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
Passive transport requires no ___________________.
What is energy?
A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell is called this.
What is hypertonic?
Osmosis is specifically defined as the net movement of this molecule across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is water?
Unlike passive transport, active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring this input.
What is energy (or ATP)?
Because the phospholipid tails are nonpolar and hate water, they are described by this 11-letter term.
What is hydrophobic?
Simple diffusion moves substances directly across the membrane down this two-word difference in concentration.
What is a concentration gradient?
Placing a human red blood cell in this type of balanced solution will cause no net movement of water in or out.
What is isotonic?
What will happen to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
What is it will gain water and potentially burst.
This process moves material across structures in the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
What are protein pumps.
This fluid mosaic model component prevents membrane phospholipids from packing too tightly in cold temperatures and keeps them stable in heat.
What is cholesterol?
Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen move freely across the bilayer by what process.
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall keeps it from bursting, creating this internal fluid pressure that keeps plants upright.
What is turgor pressure?
During osmosis, water always flows from an area of _______________ solute concentration toward an area of __________________ solute concentration.
What is Low, High
The bulk transport mechanism where a cell engulfs large particles or fluids by folding its membrane inward is called this.
What is endocytosis?
Carbohydrates attached to membrane proteins or lipids, known as glycoproteins and glycolipids, serve primarily in this cell-to-cell function.
What is cell recognition (or cell identification/signaling)?
This process is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
What is Osmosis
When an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic environment, it loses water and shrivels up—a process known by this term.
What is crenation?
What can happen to the cells in the body if a person drinks salt water?
What is water will leave their cells causing them to shrink and dehydrate.
This form of endocytosis brings solids and food particles into the cell.
What is phagocytosis.
These specific proteins span the entire membrane, passing completely through the hydrophobic core from the inside to the outside of the cell.
What are integral proteins?
Glucose and ions use special proteins in the membrane to move substances across without energy via this specific process.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The shrinking of a plant cell's cytoplasm away from its cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is called this.
What is plasmolysis?
If a cell has a 2% salt concentration internally and is placed in distilled water (0% salt), water will move in this direction relative to the cell.
What is into the cell?
Often nicknamed "cellular drinking," this form of endocytosis brings extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes into the cell.
What is pinocytosis?