Cell Theory and History
He was the very first person to look through a microscope and see cells in a slice of cork in 1665
Who is Robert Hooke?
These simple, ancient cells completely lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are prokaryotes
Often called the "powerhouse of the cell," this organelle converts glucose into ATP energy via cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondria
The cell membrane is described by this phrase because it only allows certain things to pass in and out.
What is selectively permeable? this one was hard
This is the ultimate biological goal of all organisms: the ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changing external environments.
What is homeostasis?
According to Cell Theory, this is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
What is a cell?
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells store their precious genetic blueprints (DNA) safely inside this organelle.
What is the nucleus?
These tiny organelles can be found floating freely or stuck to the Rough ER, and their only job is to build proteins
What are ribosomes?
This is the specific term for the passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
If you put an animal cell into this type of solution, the solute concentration is equal on both sides, so water flows evenly in and out without changing the cell's size.
What is an isotonic solution?
This type of specialized microscope shoots a beam of electrons through a sample to give you a super-detailed look at the inside of a cell.
What is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?
True or False: All prokaryotes are unicellular, but eukaryotes can be both unicellular and multicellular.
What is True?
Plant cells have a giant one of these to store water and materials, while animal cells only have small ones
What is a vacuole?
A phospholipid has two parts: a water-loving head and a water-hating tail.
What are hydrophilic (head) and hydrophobic (tail)?
Put a cell into a hypertonic solution, and water will rush out, causing the cell to do this.
What is shrink?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek made biology history in 1673 by being the first person to observe these.
What are living microorganisms?
This tail-like structure is used by some prokaryotes for locomotion (moving around).
What is a flagellum?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles to ship them out, acting like the cell's post office.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This type of transport requires the cell to spend energy (ATP) because it pushes materials from low concentration to high concentration.
What is active transport?
Put a cell into a hypotonic solution (where there is a higher concentration of water outside), and the cell will swell up and do this.
What is burst?
Name all three core components of the Cell Theory.
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All cells come from existing cells?
Give an example of a type of organism that is a prokaryote, and two examples of organisms that are eukaryotes.
What are bacteria (prokaryotes) and plants/animals/fungi (eukaryotes)
This organelle is rough because it's dotted with ribosomes to store proteins, whereas its smooth counterpart lacks ribosomes and stores lipids.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?
When a cell membrane engulfs a large chunk of material to pull it completely inside the cell using energy, it is using this specific type of active transport.
What is endocytosis?
List the 4 biological levels of organization in multicellular life from smallest to largest.
What are: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System?