Cell Growth
Mitosis is necessary for two purposes, what is one of the two?
Development of normal tissues or replacement of lost or damaged tissue
What term describes the spread of cancer from its original location to another site?
Metastasis
Which diagnostic procedure involves obtaining a tissue sample to determine whether cells are cancerous?
Biopsy
Which type of radiation is not hazardous to others once treatment is complete?
A patient with cancer develops facial edema, tightness around the neck, and swelling of the arms. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
What process is described as abnormal progressive multiplication of cells resulting in a neoplasm?
Neoplasia
A patient has been exposed to a substance that damages cellular DNA and causes mutations. Which stage of carcinogenesis is occurring?
Initiation
Which classification is described as the location of cancer and the degree of metastasis?
Staging
What is the goal of chemotherapy?
100% cell kill
A patient with cancer develops confusion, muscle cramps, and seizures, labs show a low sodium level. Which complication is most likely?
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Why are neoplasms constantly growing in either size or number?
They do not have a resting state.
Which stage is explained as enhanced growth of an initiated cell and can be triggered by promoters.
Promotion
A patient reports a sore that has not healed, unusual bleeding, and unexplained weight loss. What should the nurse suspect?
A patient receiving IV chemotherapy reports burning and pain at the IV site. What is the nurse's priority action?
Assess the IV site and stop if infiltrated.
Potassium
A patient has a malignant tumor. Which cellular characteristics would the nurse expect?
Abnormal chromosomes, migration to other tissues, rapid cell division, and loss of specific cellular functions.
What is one of the three interacting factors that influences cancer development?
Carcinogens, Genetics, and Immunity
What is describes the cancers aggressiveness and sensitivity to treatment?
Grading
A patient receiving chemotherapy has an ANC of 400. How should the nurse interpret this result?
Severe risk of infection
Normal is 2500-7000, Moderate risk <1000, severe risk <500, and extreme risk <100
What is a concern in a patient with advanced bone cancer who reports worsening back pain, tingling in the legs, and difficulty walking?
Spinal cord compression
A patient asks why a benign brain tumor may still require surgery. What is the best response from the nurse?
A growing benign tumor can compress surrounding brain tissue and cause damage.
Mammograms, pap smears, prostate specific antigen, genetic testing, blood test.
Which cancer diagnostic method is considered the most definitve?
Pathologic staging
What are at least two of the pieces of chemotherapy precautions.
A patient with cancer develops uncontrolled infection and sepsis. The nurse also observed abnormal clotting with signs of hemorrhage. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
DIC