Types of Reproduction
What are the two types of reproduction?
Asexual & Sexual
What is the process of growth and division in cells called?
Cell Cycle
What is cell differentiation?
Cells become different from one another.
What is the cell cycle controlled by?
Internal and external regulatory proteins.
What limits cell growth?
Surface area-to-volume ratio
Too much demand on DNA
What is an advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Advantage: do not need a mate
Disadvantage: no genetic diversity
What happens in cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm of the cell divides, cell becomes 2 different cells.
What is a stem cell?
Unspecialized cells that can develop into any type of cell
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote chromosomes?
Prokaryotes have a single chromosome that is circular
Eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes that are in the shape of an X
What is an advantage and disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
Advantage: Genetic diversity
Disadvantage: Requires a mate
What happens during Interphase?
Cell grows, duplicates its DNA and prepares for cell division
What are some concerns about stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells are obtained by destroying an embryo, thought of as killing a person
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell growth that can invade other parts of the body
What is a growth factor?
Is a protein that stimulates growth and division of cells.
What type of reproduction do prokaryotes go through?
Binary fission
What happens during each stage of mitosis?
Prophase: nucleus breaks down, DNA condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase: Chromosomes get pulled to either end of the cell
Telophase: Nucleus reforms, DNA uncondensed to chromatin, spindle fibers disappear
What is the difference between totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent?
Totipotent: Can become any type of cell
Pluripotent: Can become any type of body cell
Multipotent: Can become any type of a specialized body cell
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign: Noncancerous
Malignant: Cancerous
Calculate the surface area-to-volume ratio of a cube that is 3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm.
2:1
What are ALL of the steps IN ORDER of the Cell Cycle (Make sure to break Mitosis/Interphase into its individual steps)?
G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What is an example of a cause of cancer, treatment of cancer and prevention of cancer?
Answers will vary