Cell Theory
Cells originally had this awesome, hilarious name!
Globules haha
What are the two types of cells?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Which organelle is the "powerhouse of the cell?"
Mitochondria
What is the shape of DNA called?
What nitrogen based bond with each other?
A-T/U
C-G
Cells
Cell walls are rigid, and only in plants. Cell membranes are squishy, and semi-permeable. They're found in all organisims.
What is the "garbage dump" of the cell? What does it do?
Lysosomes, which dissolve waste and can destroy the cell if it becomes infected or broken.
What three things must genes be able to do?
Carry information between generations, use the genes to create traits, and replicate the code every time the cell divides.
tRNA-brings the amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA-is the ribosome
Define a "cell"
The basic unit and structure of life.
What organelle is the "HQ" of the cell? What does it hold?
This organelle acts like FedEx. How does it work?
The Golgi body or apparatus packages up the proteins created in order to send them where they need to go!
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Explain the process of Transcription.
Transcription starts in the nucleus. The DNA strand is split open and RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of mRNA before sending that mRNA off to the Ribosome.
Preexisting cells
What organelle is responsible for building proteins?
Ribosomes
There are two types of this organelle, smooth and rough. Describe each and describe their function.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum houses ribosomes and is used in protein synthesis.
Smooth ER makes lipids and helps fold proteins.
How much information is stored on a strand of DNA? How does it fit in a cell?
1,200 text books worth in one strand! These strands are wound up super tightly around proteins, who stack up to save space.
Explain the process of Translation.
mRNA arrives at the ribosome. tRNA bonds to the mRNA, reading it three bases at a time. The tRNA then passes the amino acid chain to the next tRNA, and this continues until a stop codon is reached.
The first person to witness cell division was:
Rudolf Virchow
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (name at least 2 things)
The cytoskeleton keeps the cell organized, transports organelles and nutrients, and is used in cellular division.
How is it that all cells come from other cells, if the cells in our eyes are so different from the cells in our blood? How do we get different types of cells?
Describe the process of DNA replication
DNA is unzipped at multiple sites by helicase
DNA Synthase runs down the DNA strand adding complementary nucleotides
Hydrogen bonds form between the new bases creating two new identical strands.
What are the two types of point mutations. Which is more impactful? Do they impact transcription or translation more?
There are substitutions, or insertions and deletions. Insertions and deletions are typically worse, but both kinds can impact translation.