Organelle Architecture
This organelle releases energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration and is commonly referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
What is the mitochondrion (or mitochondria)?
The process by which molecules spontaneously move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
What is diffusion?
The unified scientific doctrine stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells arise from existing cells.
What is the Cell Theory?
"I'm strong and stiff, getting through me is tough. I'm found only in plants, but I guess that's enough."
What is the cell wall?
In nuclear structure diagrams, RNA and other cellular products exit the nucleus through these openings in the nuclear membrane.
What are nuclear pores?
This membrane-bound structure packages cell proteins and other materials into vesicles (tiny compartments) for cellular transport.
What is the Golgi body (or Golgi apparatus)?
The specific scientific term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and specialized membrane-bound organelles.
What are prokaryotes (or prokaryotic cells)?
"My name means 'colored bodies' and I contain DNA. I pass on traits to new cells in a systematic way."
What are chromosomes?
On bacterial structural diagrams, this long whip-like external appendage is used by the cell for locomotion.
What is a flagellum?
Containing powerful enzymes, this organelle breaks down cell wastes, destroys worn-out or damaged organelles, and disposes of foreign invaders.
What is the lysosome?
Particle movement across a membrane that requires cellular energy input because solutes are pumped against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
Organisms whose cells possess a distinct nucleus surrounding their genetic material, alongside specialized organelles.
What are eukaryotes (or eukaryotic cells)?
"Found only in plant cells, I'm green as can be. I make food for the plant using the sun's energy."
What is the chloroplast?
When a raisin is placed in a cup of pure water overnight, it swells up because pure water acts as this type of solution relative to the inside of the raisin.
What is a hypotonic solution?
This organelle stores water and liquid contents; while present in various cells, it is exceptionally large in plant cells to help provide structural support.
What is the vacuole?
An animal cell placed in pure fresh water will burst because water rushes into the cell as a result of this internal pressure.
What is osmotic pressure?
Identify two specific cell structures present in plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
What are the cell wall and chloroplasts?
"I'm full of holes, flexible and thin. I control what gets out as well as what comes in."
What is the cell membrane?
In a selective membrane experiment separating Side A and Side B, once dynamic equilibrium is achieved, solute molecules continue moving while maintaining this state.
What is equal concentration on both sides?
This organelle network transports materials throughout the cell and is categorized as "rough" or "smooth" depending on whether ribosomes are attached.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Large sugar molecules like glucose cross the lipid bilayer down their concentration gradient through membrane protein channels without using cellular energy via this process.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The biological process in multicellular organisms where generic cells develop distinct structural adaptations to carry out specialized jobs.
What is cell specialization?
"Proteins are made here, even though I'm quite small. You can find me in cytoplasm or attached to E.R.'s wall."
What are ribosomes?
During cell division, diffuse nuclear chromatin condenses into these distinct threadlike structures containing genetic material.
What are chromosomes?