Organelles and cells
Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Miscellaneous
100
What is the function of the Vacuole?
Storage of materials.
100
What is active transport?
moving from a low concentration to a high concentration while using energy.
100
which image below shows passive transport and how do you know?
the first image because we move from a low concentration to a high concentration without using energy.
100
What is one difference between active and passive transport.
Active - uses energy low -> high
Passive - no energy High -> low
100
What is endosymbiotic theory?
Eukaryotes came from prokaryotes. This happened when a larger prokaryote engulfed a smaller one and lived in harmony
200
What is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
prokaryotes - no nucleus, no organelles, single celled
eukaryotes - multicellular, has organelles, has a nucleus
200
What is osmosis.
The process of moving water through a semipermeable membrane to reach equal amounts of solutes and free water.
200
What is the type of transport below? How do you know?
facilitated diffusion - no energy, uses protein, low - high
200
What is the name of this type of transport and how do you know.
Sodium-potassium pump/ion pump - moves sodium and potassium while using energy.
200
What is the path of a protein?
endoplasmic reticulum -> vesicle -> Golgi body -> vesicle -> cell membrane
ER -> vesicle -> golgi body -> lysosome
ER -> vesicle -> golgi body -> vacuole
300
Name a difference between an animal cell and a plant cell.
animal cell - no cell wall, no chloroplast, small vacuole
plant cell - cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole
300
what happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what about a hypertonic one?
hypotonic -explode
hypertonic -shrink
300
Complete this problem on tonicity.
10
90
80
yes
in
swell
hypotonic
300
what is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
endocytosis is the process of taking large amounts of materials into the cell while using energy while exocytosis is moving large of materials out of the cell using energy.
300
why is the cell membrane called the fluid mosaic model?
The cell membrane is fluid and flexible proteins and phospholipids can move and is not stationary.
400
Name two structures and their functions of the cell membrane.
glycoprotein - cell signaling
phospholipids - let small non-polar objects into the cell
peripheral protein - maintains shape of the cell
integral proteins - let larger polar molecules into the cell.
cholesterol - helps the membrane be fluid and flexible
400
A cell is placed in a solution that is 10% glucose. The cell itself has 5% glucose. What solution is the cell placed in and why?
Hypertonic, water moves out of the cell to reach equilibrium.
400
What is turgor pressure? how is it related to passive transport?
Turgor pressure is the amount of water pressure on the cell wall.
Osmosis is a type of transport where water moves in or out of the cell to reach equilibrium.
400
Name this type of transport and describe it.
Carrier proteins - it allows specific ions in or out of the cell one at a time.
400
what are the levels of organization in the human body?
500
Label each of these organelles and describe what they do.
Cillia - movement and gathering food
flagella - movement
500
What happens when a salt water fish is placed in fresh water?
There is more salt inside the fish than in the water so water moves in to create equilibrium. This causes the fish to swell.
500
What is the name of the protein that water travels through during osmosis.
aquaporin
500
What kind of molecules pass through proteins for transportation in or out of the cell and why.
Polar molecules or large molecules because the fatty acid tails are non-polar and non-polar likes non-polar and polar likes polar.
500
A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA), a rare congenital disorder characterized by profound red blood cell deficiency and physical abnormalities. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the RPS19 gene, which compromises cellular protein synthesis. Which of the following cellular organelles is primarily affected by this disease?
ribosome