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100
A prokaryotic cell can divide every 20 minutes, while most eukaryotic cells require several hours to complete one cell cycle. Why?
Prokaryotic cells are less structurally complex than eukaryotic cells.
100
Which cells are eukaryotic?
Cells A, C, and D
100
How does the autogenous theory differ from the endosymbiotic theory in terms of the origin of eukaryotic cells?
The autogenous theory proposes that internal development occurred through membrane folding. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that one primitive cell engulfed another cell and they cohabited.
100
DNA stores the genetic instructions needed for cells to grow, reproduce, and carry out their functions. In prokaryotic cells, DNA is _______ (linear, circular, single-stranded), and it is found in the _________ (nucleus, ribosome, cytoplasm).
circular
cytoplasm
100
A student observes a diagram of an organelle in a plant cell.
Identify the process that occurs in this organelle AND explain how energy is transformed during this process. 
Photosynthesis: Light to chemical
200
A biology teacher places a sprig of a waterweed, Elodea canadensis, in a closed flask filled with water, then places a light nearby. After a few minutes, small gas bubbles begin to form on the leaves and rise to the top of the water.
What gas are the bubbles composed of, and what process produces this gas?
Oxygen: released by the plant during photosynthesis
200
Plants use carbon atoms to build energy-containing organic molecules. Which statement correctly identifies the main source of these carbon atoms?
A. Carbon comes from organic molecules in the soil.
B. Carbon comes from carbon dioxide in the air.
C. Carbon comes from carbonates dissolved in water.
D. Carbon comes from minerals absorbed from the soil.
B. Carbon comes from carbon dioxide in the air.
200
The model below represents a process in cells and shows how matter and energy are conserved.
What molecule is produced as the main energy-carrying product in this process? 
ATP
200
A marine biologist measures oxygen levels in a shallow coastal lagoon with a dense population of photosynthetic algae. The graph shows oxygen concentrations over 24 hours.
Explain the changes in oxygen levels shown in the graph using photosynthesis and cellular respiration 
The algae release oxygen during photosynthesis when sunlight is available and consume oxygen during cellular respiration at night.
300
Glucose is a carbohydrate found in all cells. Which statement correctly describes the role of glucose in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis produces glucose to store energy, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy.
300
Which statement is true of all cells?
A. All cells contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.
B. All cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
C. All cells have the ability to perform photosynthesis.
D. All cells contain linear DNA enclosed within a nucleus.
All cells contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.
300
Students are discussing characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their explanations are shown in the table.
Which of the students made an accurate statement about characteristics found in all cells?
3 and 4
300
Which of the following correctly describes the type of cells found in each group of organisms?
A. Bacteria have eukaryotic cells, while protists, fungi, plants, and animals have prokaryotic cells.
B. Bacteria have prokaryotic cells, while protists, fungi, plants, and animals have eukaryotic cells.
C. Bacteria and protists have prokaryotic cells, while fungi, plants, and animals have eukaryotic cells.
D. All groups—bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals—have eukaryotic cells.
B. Bacteria have prokaryotic cells, while protists, fungi, plants, and animals have eukaryotic cells.
400
Both the autogenous theory and the endosymbiotic theory attempt to explain the origin of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells.
What is one similarity between the two theories?
A. Both suggest that eukaryotic cells evolved from multicellular organisms.
B. Both explain that membrane-bound organelles came from pre-existing organelles inside the cell.
C. Both propose a process that led to the formation of complex cells with specialized internal structures.
D. Both state that mitochondria and chloroplasts were always part of eukaryotic cells since the beginning of life.
Both propose a process that led to the formation of complex cells with specialized internal structures.
400
A lab assistant lists molecules involved in cellular energy processes in a table. What molecules are both products of photosynthesis and reactants in cellular respiration?
Oxygen and Glucose
400
A zebra is grazing when it suddenly spots a lion and begins sprinting to escape. Within seconds, the zebra’s muscle cells require much more usable energy than they did while grazing.
Which statement best explains how the zebra’s cells meet this increased energy demand?
A. The nucleus releases glucose to muscle cells.
B. Ribosomes make additional proteins in muscle cells.
C. Mitochondria increase cellular respiration in muscle cells.
D. Chloroplasts convert light into chemical energy in muscle cells.
Mitochondria increase cellular respiration in muscle cells.
400
Which statement best explains how the hydrogen and oxygen from water are used in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. In photosynthesis, oxygen from water combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is released; in cellular respiration, hydrogen and oxygen are both used to make ATP.
B. In photosynthesis, hydrogen from water is released into the atmosphere, and oxygen is used to build glucose; in cellular respiration, hydrogen is used as an energy source, while oxygen is stored in the cell.
C. In photosynthesis, oxygen from water is released into the atmosphere, and hydrogen is used to help build glucose; in cellular respiration, oxygen combines with hydrogen to form water.
D. In photosynthesis, both hydrogen and oxygen from water become part of glucose; in cellular respiration, both hydrogen and oxygen are released as carbon dioxide.
C. In photosynthesis, oxygen from water is released into the atmosphere, and hydrogen is used to help build glucose; in cellular respiration, oxygen combines with hydrogen to form water.
500
Which of the following types of energy would correctly complete the diagram?
1. Light, 2. Chemical, 3. Chemical
500
A scientist is preparing microscope slides to observe unknown cells. She wants to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Several dyes are available to stain specific cell structures, as described in the table below.
Which dye would best help the scientist distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells under the microscope?
DAPI
500
Some organelles in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA.
Which statement best explains what this observation supports?
A. Eukaryotic cells store their genetic information within a membrane-bound nucleus.
B. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through an endosymbiotic relationship.
C. Ribosomes in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells synthesize proteins in a similar way.
D. Prokaryotic cells reproduce faster than eukaryotic cells under similar conditions.
B. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through an endosymbiotic relationship.
500
Which table below is correct 
D