Intro to Cells
According to Cell Theory, all living things are made of one or more _______.
Cells
Which organelle contains DNA and directs the cell's activities?
Nucleus
Which type of transport does NOT require cellular energy?
Passive transport
What type of solution has the SAME solute concentration as the inside of a cell?
Isotonic
Put these in order from smallest to largest: organ, cell, organ system, tissue.
Cell → tissue → organ → organ system
A scientist observes one cell dividing to produce two new cells. Which scientist is credited with this discovery?
Virchow
A muscle cell uses much more energy than a typical skin cell. Which organelle would you expect the muscle cell to have more of?
Mitochondria
Oxygen is at a higher concentration outside a cell than inside. It moves directly through the cell membrane into the cell without using energy. What transport process is occurring?
diffusion
A cell contains 5% solute and is placed in a solution containing 12% solute. Is the solution hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic?
Hypertonic
A scientist wants to test how the concentration of solutes in a solution affects the movement of water in and out of cells. If the size and shape of the cell is the dependent variable, then the concentration of the solution is the _____________.
Independent variable
A cell has DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane and cell wall, and spaghetti-like DNA strands floating around in the cytoplasm. Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Ribosomes have just produced a protein that needs to travel through the cell. Which organelle helps transport it?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A white blood cell takes a large bacterium into the cell by enclosing it with its cell membrane. What is this process called?
Endocytosis
A cell contains 5% solute and is placed in a 0% solute solution. What will happen to the cell?
It will swell.
____________ is the process of maintaining stable internal conditions of the cell in response to the changes in its environment.
Homeostasis
Cell A has a nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Cell B has ribosomes but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Which cell is eukaryotic?
Cell A
A cell can make proteins normally, but those proteins are not being properly modified or packaged. Which organelle has most likely failed?
Golgi apparatus
A cell is running extremely low on usable energy. Which process would be affected first: osmosis or exocytosis?
Exocytosis because it a type of active transport that requires energy.
Osmosis is a type of passive transport that does not require energy.
A cell contains 8% solute and is placed in a 15% solute solution. Which direction will water move?
Out of the cell
Plants receiving 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g of fertilizer are compared. Which group serves as the control?
The plants in the group receiving 0g of fertilizer
A scientist discovers a new single-celled organism. It has a nucleus. A student argues that it must be prokaryotic because it has only one cell. Is the student correct?
No, it is eukaryotic because it contains a nucleus.
A cell's lysosomes stop working. Which problem would most likely build up over time?
Cellular waste would build up inside the cell
A cell is producing proteins normally, but they build up inside because the cell cannot release them. The ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus are all working correctly. Which cellular process has most likely failed?
Exocytosis
Three identical cells each contain 6% solute. Cell A is placed in 2% solute, Cell B in 6%, and Cell C in 15%. Which cell will experience the greatest net movement of water?
Cell C
A student tests whether light affects plant growth. Plant A gets 6 hours of light and 100 mL of water. Plant B gets 12 hours of light and 200 mL of water. What should be changed to make this a fair test?
Give both plants the same amount of water