Cell Structure & Function
Which cell structure controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic information?
What is Nucleus?
Put these levels in order from simplest to most complex: organ, organism, tissue, cell, organ system.
What is Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism?
Which body system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients?
What is Digestive system?
Which two systems work together to bring oxygen into the body and transport it to cells?
What is Respiratory and circulatory/cardiovascular systems?
Which cell structure releases usable energy from nutrients?
What is Mitochondria?
A cell needs to control what substances enter and leave. Which structure performs this function?
What is Cell membrane?
The heart contains muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue. What level of organization is the heart?
What is Organ?
Which body system includes the heart and blood vessels, and what is its main job?
What is Cardiovascular/circulatory system; it transports blood, oxygen, nutrients, and other materials throughout the body?
How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together after you eat a meal?
What is The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients, and the circulatory system transports those nutrients to cells throughout the body?
A group of similar cells performs the same job. Which level of organization does this describe?
What is Tissue?
A cell has a cell membrane and mitochondria. Explain how these two structures work together to help the cell meet its basic needs.
What is The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, including materials the cell needs. The mitochondria use nutrients to release usable energy. Together, they help the cell obtain materials and get the energy needed to function?
Explain how muscle cells can eventually contribute to an organ such as the heart.
What is Similar muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue? Different tissues then work together to form the heart, which is an organ.
An athlete is running. Explain why the muscular system needs the respiratory system to continue working effectively.
What is Muscles need oxygen to help release energy? The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body so it can eventually reach muscle cells.
During exercise, explain how the respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems work together.
What is The respiratory system brings in oxygen, the circulatory system transports oxygen to muscle cells, and the muscular system uses the supplied materials and energy to produce movement?
A student's model shows:
cell → organ → tissue → organ system → organism
What is wrong with the model, and how should it be corrected?
What is Tissue and organ are reversed?
The correct order is cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
A plant cell has chloroplasts and mitochondria. Why does the cell need both structures instead of just chloroplasts?
What is Chloroplasts capture energy to make food, while mitochondria release usable energy from nutrients. The two structures have different functions that work together to support the cell?
Why can an organ such as the stomach not be made of only one type of tissue? Use at least two tissue functions in your explanation.
What is Different tissues perform different jobs? Muscle tissue contracts to move and mix food, epithelial tissue lines and protects the stomach, nervous tissue helps control its actions, and connective tissue supports its structures.
Compare the digestive and respiratory systems. What different material does each provide that cells need?
What is The digestive system provides nutrients from food, while the respiratory system provides oxygen? Cells need both materials to release usable energy and carry out their functions.
A person's digestive system absorbs nutrients normally, but the circulatory system is not transporting blood effectively. Explain how this could affect the person's cells.
What is Nutrients may enter the bloodstream, but they would not be transported efficiently to cells? The cells could lack the materials needed for energy, growth, and other functions.
A muscle cell needs both nutrients and oxygen. Identify two body systems that provide these materials and explain how they reach the muscle cell.
What is The digestive system provides nutrients and the respiratory system provides oxygen? The circulatory system transports both materials through the blood to the muscle cell.
A plant cell suddenly loses the ability to use its chloroplasts. Predict what will eventually happen to the cell and explain the chain of effects.
What is The cell would no longer be able to make its own food through photosynthesis. With less glucose available, the mitochondria would have less fuel to release usable energy. Eventually the cell would struggle to grow, maintain itself, and survive?
Nervous tissue in the stomach stops functioning correctly. Predict how this problem could affect the organ, the digestive system, and the organism.
What is The stomach may not properly control contractions or digestive processes? This could reduce digestion, affect how nutrients are processed, and eventually make it harder for the organism's cells to receive the nutrients they need.
Imagine the respiratory system is functioning normally, but the circulatory system cannot transport blood efficiently. Predict why body cells could still fail to get enough oxygen.
What is The respiratory system may bring oxygen into the lungs, but the circulatory system must transport that oxygen to the cells? If blood is not moving efficiently, oxygen cannot reach cells in sufficient amounts.
During a race, an athlete's respiratory system suddenly cannot take in enough oxygen. Trace the effects through at least two other body systems and explain how the athlete's performance would change.
What is Less oxygen enters the respiratory system, so the circulatory system has less oxygen to transport? Muscle cells then receive less oxygen and cannot release usable energy as efficiently. The muscular system will fatigue, causing the athlete to slow down or stop.
CELL CRISIS: The mitochondria in many muscle cells stop functioning correctly. Predict what happens at the cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
What is The cells would release less usable energy? Muscle tissue would have difficulty contracting. Organs containing muscle may not function properly. Body systems that depend on muscle function would become less effective, and the organism could experience weakness, reduced movement, or other serious problems.