Cell Structure
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
Which type of cell is generally simpler, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic.
Are viruses considered living organisms?
No.
What is the first step in the viral replication process?
Attachment to the host cell.
What elements can be found in proteins?
C, H, O, N
Name one organelle found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells
Nucleus
What theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
Endosymbiotic theory
What is the protein shell that surrounds a virus's genetic material called?
Capsid.
Name the two main types of viral replication cycles.
Lytic and lysogenic cycles.
What macromolecule's function is to provide quick energy for the cell
Carbohydrates
What type of cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole?
Plant cell
What is the term for the membrane-bound compartments within eukaryotic cells?
Organelles.
Name one type of nucleic acid that can be found in viruses.
DNA or RNA.
In which cycle does the virus integrate its genetic material into the host's DNA, remaining dormant for a period?
Lysogenic cycle.
What cellular structure is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes.
True or False: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes
True
Name the complex network of proteins and filaments that provides structure and support to eukaryotic cells.
Cytoskeleton.
True or False: Viruses can reproduce on their own without a host cell.
False.
During which stage of the lytic cycle does the host cell burst, releasing new viral particles?
Lysis.
Amino acids are the monomers for what macromolecule
Proteins
Which organelle is known for making ATP and the site where cellular respiration takes place
Mitochondria
Describe one key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and not enclosed in a nucleus, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and enclosed in a nucleus.
true or false - Viruses have organelles.
False
Describe the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
In the lytic cycle, the virus takes over the host cell's machinery to make new viruses immediately, leading to cell lysis. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA integrates into the host's genome and replicates along with it, staying dormant until activated.
What is difference between a community and ecosystem?
Communities are all biotic factors and ecosystem consists of biotic AND abiotic