Terms
a unit of measurement used to quantify energy. The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius.
What is a calorie?
also known as the citric acid cycle is a core set of chemical reactions that aerobic organisms use to release stored energy from nutrients
What is Krebs Cycle?
The metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) into two molecules of pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃) in the cellular respiration cycle.
What is glycolysis?
A metabolic process where microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts, and molds break down carbohydrates (such as glucose) without oxygen to produce energy (ATP), acids, gases, or alcohol.
What is fermentation?
An anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugars into cellular energy and lactate or lactic acid without using oxygen
What is lactic Acid fermentation?
A process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is cellular Respiration?
The innermost compartment of the mitochondrion and the site of the Krebs cycle reactions.
What is matrix?
Together, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release about _____ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
What is 36?
In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ____.
What is ATP?
Some foods made by fermentation:
What is :
Cheese
Yogurt
Buttermilk
Sour cream
Pickles
Sauerkraut
Kimchi
Alcohol
Sourdough bread
Pathways of cellular respirations that requires oxygen
What is aerobic?
During the Krebs cycle, ______________is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
What is pyruvic Acid?
Living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen. The term comes from Greek roots meaning "without life" or "without air/oxygen"
What is anaerobic?
For a short quick burst of energy, the body uses ATP already in the muscles as well as ATP made by_________________________ fermentation.
What is lactic acid?
The French chemist proved that living microorganisms—specifically yeast and bacteria—cause fermentation rather than spontaneous chemical generation
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen. The term comes from Greek roots meaning "without life" or "without air/oxygen"
What is Anaerobic?
The-_______________________uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize ATP and ADP.
What is the electron transport chain ?
An anaerobic metabolic process that converts__________________ into cellular energy and lactate or lactic acid without using oxygen
What is sugar?
For exercise longer than about______ seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to continue generating a supply of ATP.
What is 90 seconds?
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that the fermentation in the open containers was caused by the growth of microorganisms from the air, not_______________________________.
What is spontaneous generation?
The metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) into two molecules of pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃) in the cellular respiration cycle.
What is gycolysis?
An essential coenzyme found in every living cell that powers cellular energy production, repairs damaged DNA, and supports overall metabolic health
What is NAD+?
Louis Pasteur -The French chemist proved that living microorganisms—specifically yeast and ____________—cause fermentation rather than spontaneous chemical generation
What is bacteria?
Also called Ethanol fermentation is an anaerobic biological process where yeast and certain bacteria convert simple sugars into cellular energy, releasing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products
What is Alcoholic Fermentation?
The role __________________ plays in the electron transport chain is the final electron acceptor in the chain. Without ____________, low energy electrons cannot exist from the electron transport chain, and the chain cannot function.
What is oxygen?