Miscellaneous
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100
True or false:
RNA has a deoxyribose surgar
False
100
What is the end goal of replication
Create two molecules of DNA 1 old and 1 new each.
DNA -> DNA
100
What is the end goal of Transcription
To create mRNA from a DNA template.
DNA -> RNA
100
What is the end goal of translation?
Create proteins or amino acid chain from a mRNA strand.
RNA -> Protein
100
What is a mutagen.
A factor that damages DNA.
200
What is part D in the image below?
Phosphate Group
200
What are the matching base pairs during replication?
A-T
C-G
200
What are the matching base pairs for RNA?
A-U
G-C
200
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
3
200
What is a point mutation?
A substitution of one nucleotide for another nucleotide.
300
Why is DNA considered Semi-conservative
DNA has one old strand and one new after replication.
300
What is the function of Helicase.
Helicase unzips the DNA strand to start replication.
300
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
Adds RNA nucleotides to the growing template strand.
300
What is the function of tRNA.
to add the correct amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
300
What are the two types of frameshift mutations and what do they do?
Insertion -> inserts 1 or more nucleotides
Deletion -> deletes 2 or more nucleotides
400
What are all 3 steps to translation.
1. Ribosome reads the mRNA strand
2. tRNA brings the correct amino acids
3. Stop codon is read and amino acid strand is created
400
What would happen if DNA ligase was not apart of replication.
The DNA strands would have breaks in them and not be fully complete.
400
What would happen if RNA polymerase was broken during transcription.
No nucleotides would be added and there would be no mRNA strand.
400
Label A and B on the image below. In addition what is part B used for.
a - amino acid
b- anticodon
b- anticodon is used to bind to the correct codon on the mRNA strand
400
What are the 3 classifications of point mutations and describe them.
Silent - no amino acid change
Nonsense - early stop codon
Missense - change in amino acid
500
Why can mutations be beneficial or harmful.
Many different answers accepted.
Harmful - diseases, fur color not suited for environment
Beneficial - duper dense bones, fur color better suited for environment etc.
500
Why is it important to replicate our DNA before making a new cell?
Important so each new cell can function because without DNA there would be no instructions.
500
What is the region that RNA polymerase binds to to start transcription called, and what does it do.
The promoter region
When RNA polymerase binds to promoter region DNA unwinds to be able to use it as a template for mRNA.
500
What would happen if there was no MET at the start of a mRNA strand?
MET is the start codon and if there was no start codon then translation would not be able to start and no amino acid chain would be made.
500
Why can a missense mutation be harmful for a protein?
Changing the amino acid chain affects the overall structure of a protein one change in amino acid can completely alter the structure.