Top 2.5 rows Ch 11
Ch 11 The mathematical equation relating the rate of a chemical equation to the concentrations of reactants,
products, or other species is called the _____ ______.
What is the rate law?
Rate = change in conc/change in time (s)
units = mol/(L.s)
Ch 11 in the reaction N2 + 3 H2 --> 2NH3 , what is the rate of disappearance of H2 if the rate of appearance of NH3 is 2.3 x 10-3 mol/(L.s)?
What is 3.5 x 10-3 M/s? Just 2 figures are significant.
2.3 x 10-3 mol NH3/(L.s) x(3 mol H2/ 2 mol NH3) =
Using the method of cancelling units is helpful.
Ch 11 CANT C or P is a memory device to help you to recall several ways by which you can control the speed of a chemical reaction. Give three of these ways.
What are catalyst, ability of reactants to meet, nature of reactants, the temperature, the concentration of reactants and the pressure of any gaseous reactants?
Be able to write a sentence or two about each of these for extra credit.
Ch 11 The series of steps by which a chemical reaction proceeds is called the m___________ of the reaction.
What is the mechanism?
A mechanism is a theory. All theories can be overturned if a better explanation is provided.
Random. Polyethylene is which type of polymer?
A. natural B. condensation type C. addition type
What is an addition polymer?
Just like paper clips as monomers can join together to form long chains. Addition is that simple.
Nylon, a polyamide, loses a small molecule like water each time another monomer is added. That is what a condensation polymer does.
Ch 11 The Daily Double. You can wager all your points or a portion of them. What is the role of C in the steps below? HINT: What is an I___________? 1. A + B --> C + D
2. C --> G
Overall reaction: A+ B --> D + G
What is an intermediate or intermediate product?
C is not part of the final overall reaction.
Ch 11 Three experiments were done with these results. What is the order of the reaction with respect to reactant A? A + B --> C [A] [B] Rate
1.2 3.5 0.0022
2.4 3.5 0.0088
What is second order wrt A?
But if [A] is double and Rate the doubles with [B] staying constant, it would have been first order.
If doubling [A] had not changed the rate, it would be zero order wrt A.
Ch 11 What do the brackets indicate in this equation?
Rate = k[A]2[B]
What is concentration of reactants in moles/liter?
Ch 11 What is the overall order and the term for k?
Rate = k[A]2[B]
What is third order overall and what is the rate constant?
Random Goodyear found a way to toughen natural latex rubber by heating it with sulfur. This is called vulcanization. What happens to the various chains of the polymer?
Crosslinking occurs. One or more sulfur atoms link the separate chains. This gives the needed strength and durability to the polymer.
Without vulcanization, everyday items like car tires, industrial seals, hoses, and medical gloves would fall apart. Raw latex rubber is sticky, weak, melts in warm weather, and cracks in the cold.
Ch 11 Calculate the rate constant value if the order of the reaction with respect to B is zero.
A + B --> C [A] [B] Rate
1.2 3.5 0.0022
2.4 3.5 0.0088
What is k = 1.5 x 10-4 L/(mol.s)?
Note the required units for a second order equation.
Ch 11 What is the mathematical description of the dependence of the rate constant on the temperature:
k = A e-E/RT
What is the Arrhenius equation?
Here k is the rate constant, A is the Arrhenius constant or pre-exponential factor or frequency factor. R is 8.314 J/mol.K, the gas constant. E is energy of activation. T is the kelvin temperature.
Ch 12 The species that donates the proton in a chemical reaction is a Bronsted _________.
What is an acid?
Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction:
HCl + NH3 --> NH4+ + Cl-
Ch 12 The state achieved when the rates of the forward and reverse processes are equal is called a d_______
e______________. two words
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
A static equilibrium is some cars or trucks in a lot.
Random Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)is made from a molecule that resembles ethylene gas except all four H atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. What is this polymer called? It is used to coat magnetic stir bars and to earthquake proof buildings.
What is Teflon?
It is very resistant to chemicals and heat. It is smooth and slippery.
It improves the quality and provides protection and structural integrity for many vehicle parts, including axels, ball bearings, chassis... Used for nonstick pots & pans.
Ch 12 One in which not all reactants and products are in the same phase (s, l, g, aq) is a h__________ e_____________.
What is a heterogeneous equilibrium?
Ch12 This statement indicates that a stress placed on a system that has reached equilibrium will tend to be undone by shifts left or right.
What is Le Chatelier's principle?
The chemical equilibrium is stressed by ΔT, ΔP, ΔV or Δ conc. of R or P
Ch 12 Which one of these has no effect on the position of equilibrium?
A. Cooling B. Volume C. Catalyst D. Concentration of reactant E. Pressure of product
What is catalyst?
Since the system is already at equilibrium, you can speed up its reaching it.
Ch 12 One or more of these are never included in an equilibrium expression. Concentration in mol/L of:
A. gases B. aqueous solutions C. liquids D. solids
What are pure liquids and solids?
These are constants that are determined by density. Hence, they are included in the Keq constant.
Random. What are some games that let you escape digital burnout and constant screen time and provide direct, face-to-face social bonding?
What are table games like Mahjong, chess, and jigsaw puzzles, which are trending.
Cooking and collecting, say vinyl analog records, are popular hobbies.
Consider joining campus clubs to meet people and do volunteer activities. Lions club is one.
Ch 12 Whenever the reaction quotient, Q, is larger than Keq, the equilibrium shifts _______(L or R), to increase the concentration of the __________.
What is left and Reactant?
Keq is a constant at a given temperature. Q must eventually equal it. Q = [Products]/[Reactants]
If Q > Keq, then there is too much product.
Ch 12 For the endothermic process where ice melts, cooling the equilibrium mixture causes it to shift to the_____(L or R) forming more ______.
H2O(s) + heat = H2O(l)
What is left and ice/'reactant'
Ch 12 Adding helium to an equilibrium mixture raises the pressure ten-fold, this causes
A. equilibrium to shift to the right
B. equilibrium to shift to the left
C. no change in the position of equilibrium
What is no change in the position of equilibrium?
Helium is unreactive, not a product or a reactant.
Pressure can come from adding more reactant or product since that changes concentrations. Also a volume change can affect equilibrium via pressure.
Ch 12 Since Kp = Kc (RT)Δn, then Kp is equal to Kc under what conditions?
HINT: Δn refers to change in no. of moles of gases.
What is when Δn is equal to zero?
H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl where all are gases.
Δn = sum of moles of product gases - sum of moles of reactant gases
Random. Who is an Australian actor who is admired for his fearless approach to acting, choosing distinct, challenging roles, and teaching his fans that "it's okay to stand out." Jacob El______
Who is Jacob Elordi?
Last name is pronounced el-OR-dee
He is known for his role as Noah Flynn in Netflix's The Kissing Booth franchise.