Multiple Choice
What is the process called when DNA information is copied onto a strand of RNA in the nucleus of a cell?
Transcription
When could a mutation have no effect on an organism?
When the same protein is produced as the original
Which three components that are related to translation?
tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
A _________________ is a segment of DNA that will code for a specific protein.
Gene
The two bases that are pyrimidines are ____________________ and ______________________.
Cytosine, thymine
If a DNA strand contains 23% adenine, it also contains:
23% thymine, 27% cytosine, 27% guanine
The human genome contains approximately _________ base pairs.
3.2 billion
In sickle cell disease, hemoglobin molecules may behave differently under:
Low oxygen conditions
During replication, errors in deleting, adding, or misreading a nitrogenous base are called
Mutations
A one-ring structure is a _______________________ whereas a two-ring structure is a ________________________________.
Pyrimidine, purine
Who is credited with first discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
DNA is tightly coiled around proteins to form a
Chromosome
Mutations are always harmful
False, some have no impact or only mild effects
Different versions of the same genes are called _________________.
Alleles
This is the process of creating a new DNA molecule: ___________________________.
Replication
What are three characteristics of RNA that are not characteristics of DNA?
Single stranded, ribose sugar, uracil base instead of thymine
Here’s an analogy Nitrogenous bases are to a DNA sequence as:
Letters are to a word
__________ carries the amino acids to the ribosome during ____________.
tRNA, translation
A _____________________ is a sequence of three nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid or stop signal.
codon
In every cell of your body you have 23 pairs of __________________________.
Chromosomes
What DNA sequence coded for the RNA sequence that reads AACCUGUC?
TTGGACAG
In what part of the cell does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Nucleotides are made up of ____________, ____________ and ________________ .
Nitrogenous bases, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar
Adenine always bonds to ________________________.
thymine
The shape of a DNA molecule is described as a ____________ _____________________.
Double helix