The Substance of the Gene
Scientist who discovered transformation by injecting mice with bacteria
Who is Griffith?
The four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine?
Principle enzyme involved in DNA replication
What is DNA polymerase?
A nitrogenous base that replaces thymine in RNA
What is uracil?
A mutation that can change a single base pair
What are "point mutations"?
A virus that only infects bacteria
What is a bacteriophage?
Scientist who discovered that A = T and C = G
Who is Chargaff?
Places on the DNA molecule where the enzyme helicase "unzips" the double helix
What are replication forks?
The primary enzyme involved with reading the DNA strand and using it to make a mRNA strand during transcription
What is RNA polymerase?
Caused by insertions or deletions, a type of mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the genetic message
What is a "frameshift mutation"?
Hershey and Chase coated viral proteins and viral DNA with this in their famous experiment
What is radioactive material?
First scientist to successfully produce an X-ray image of the DNA molecule
Who is Franklin?
The tips of the eukaryotic chromosomes
What are telomeres?
During this process, mRNA is decoded into a protein
What is translation?
Chemical or physical agents in the environment that may cause mutations to occur
What are mutagens?
Hershey and Chase concluded that this was the genetic material
What is DNA?
Refers to the "twisted ladder" shape of DNA moleule
What is the double helix?
The shape of prokaryotic DNA
What is a ring?
Make up polypeptides, come together to make proteins
What are amino acids?
A condition in which organisms have extra sets of chromosomes
What is polyploidy?
To store, to copy, to express
What are the three roles of DNA?
Chemical bonds that connect complementary nitrogenous bases together
What are hydrogen bonds?
To make identical copies of the DNA double helix
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
The number of nitrogenous bases that make up a codon
What is 3?
Type of mutation that includes deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation
What are chromosomal mutations?