Genes & Variation
Consists of all the genes, including the different alleles for each gene, found in the population
gene pool
when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end
directional selection
What are 3 of the 5 conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Random mating, large population size, no immigration or emigration, no mutations, no natural selection
What is the formation of a new species?
speciation
# of times an allele occurs in a gene pool
allele frequency
when individuals near the center fo the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
stabilizing selection
How do you represent a single recessive allele in the HW equation?
q
What is another term for geographic isolation
allopatric speciation
trait controlled by only one gene
single-gene trait
when individuals at the outer ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve
disruptive selection
How do you represent the % of the population that is homozygous dominant?
p2
what type of reproductive isolation takes place when a mating call is unresponsive from one animal to another
behavioral isolation
trait controlled by two or more genes
polygenic traits
change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the population (often times due to catastrophe)
If p = .4 and q = .6, what is the % that is heterozygous?
what type of reproductive isolation has taken place when animals are separated by a physical location
geographic isolation
any change in allele frequency
evolution
Change in the allele frequency because of migration of a small subgroup out of the larger population
founder effect
What is true about p+q
p+q = 1.0
___________ is when two or more species reproduce at different times
temporal isolation