DNA/RNA structure
What is the monomer of a molecule of DNA?
A nucleotide
What is the process of turning mRNA into amino acids called?
Translation
Immunity from HIV
Sickle cell anemia = immunity from malaria
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
The sides of a DNA double helix are made of what 2 things?
sugar and a phosphate group
Why can't DNA be directly coded into protein?
DNA is too large of a molecule to leave the nuclear pores and protein is made in the ribosome.
What type of mutation is being shown here?
original DNA: ATGCTAGC
Mutated DNA: ATGCCTAGC
Insertion
What is a ribosome?
An organelle in the cell where proteins are made.
What is the name of the person who took the first ever x ray photo of a double helix?
Rosalind Franklin
What nitrogen bases pair together in RNA?
A --> U
T -->A
c--> G
C --> G
UAG
UAA
UGA
What type of mutation is being shown here?
original DNA: ATGCTAGC
mutated DNA: ATGCAAGC
substitution
What is MRNA and what is its function?
messenger RNA takes genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome
Is this showing the process of transcription or translation?
AAATTTGGGCCC
UUUAAACCCGGG
Transcription
QUICK! REPLICATE THIS DNA!!! Write the complementary strand.
TGCGGATAAGTCA
ACGCCTATTCAGT
What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon
codon is the 3 bases on the mRNA
anticodon is the matching 3 bases on the tRNA
What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation? (How does each affect the sequence of amino acids)
A point mutation changes one amino acid or has no change in the sequence.
A frameshift mutation changes the amino acid in the mutation and every amino acid after that.
Spell DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
If all the cells in your body have the exact same DNA, how are they different from each other?
Only part of the DNA in each cell is expressed or "turned on."
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA
1) ribose vs. deoxyribose
2) single strand vs. double stranded
3) uracil vs. thymine nitrogen bases
4) RNA detaches from DNA after it is replicated and DNA never detaches from the double helix
This DNA strand is ready for protein synthesis. What amino acids would it code for?
GTA-CAT-CCC-ATT
RNA: CAU-GUA-GGG-UAA
Amino Acids: histidine-valine-proline-stop
Would the following mutation result in a frameshift mutation or a point mutation?
Original DNA sequence: ATGGGGCCC
Mutated DNA sequence: ATGGTGCCC
original RNA: UACCCCGGG
original amino acids: tyrosine-proline-glycine
mutated RNA: UACCACGGG
new amino acid sequence: tyrosine-histidine-glycine
Point mutation (does not shift the frame)
The set of 3 nucleotide bases on a tRNA molecule that translates mRNA into amino acids
What mRNA sequence was this amino acid sequence derived from? (There are multiple correct answers)
valine-arginine-serine-stop
Check your answer with Ms. Hinkle
GUU-AGG-AGU-UGA