Lesson 1: Energy Basics
What is energy?
👉 The ability to do work
What is thermal energy?
👉 Total kinetic energy of particles
What is matter?
👉 Anything with mass and takes up space
In what direction does heat move?
👉 From warm to cool
What is a fuel?
👉 A material burned to produce energy
What type of energy is stored energy?
👉 Potential energy
What is temperature?
👉 Average kinetic energy of particles
What happens when matter gains thermal energy?
👉 Particles move faster and spread apart
Heat transfer by touching is called what?
👉 Conduction
Name one renewable energy source.
👉 Solar, wind, or water
What type of energy is energy of motion?
👉 Kinetic energy
What TWO things does thermal energy depend on?
👉 Temperature and number of particles
What are the three states of matter?
👉 Solid, liquid, gas
Heat transfer by movement of fluids is called what?
👉 Convection
What type of heat transfer happens in space?
👉 Radiation
Give an example of an energy transformation.
👉 Chemical → electrical → light
Which has more thermal energy: a cup or a bucket at the same temperature? Why?
👉 Bucket, because it has more particles
What is thermal expansion?
👉 Matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled
Heat transfer that does not need matter is called what?
👉 Radiation
Why is heat control important in space?
👉 To protect equipment and keep astronauts safe
What happens to potential energy when motion begins?
👉 It changes into kinetic energy
Why is thermal energy different from temperature?
👉 Thermal energy depends on total particles, temperature is average
Why do bridges have gaps in them?
👉 To allow expansion when temperature increases
Why does warm air rise and cool air sink?
👉 Warm air is less dense, cool air is more dense
What does insulation do?
👉 Slows heat transfer and keeps heat in or out