Energy flowing through ecosystems is ultimately lost to _______ as ________
space; heat
100
Term used to describe the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs during a given time period
primary production
100
Term that describes the amount of chemical energy in consumers’ food that is converted to the consumers’ new biomass
secondary production
100
Main limiting factor(s) of each type of ecosystem: marine; aquatic; terrestrial
marine = N & P & Fe aquatic =P terrestrial = sun (heat) & water (N&P)
200
How nutrient and energy movement differ
energy flow
nutrients cycle
200
In a natural ecosystem most nutrient additions and losses are small compared to the amounts _________
recycled
200
NPP = _____ - ______
GPP; R
200
What happens to the plant material eaten by a caterpillar?
feces (50%); cellular respiration (34%); new biomass (growth 16%)
300
Plants are involved in (energy flow / nutrient cycling/ both/ neither),
both
300
Plants, __________ and ___________ are Earth's main primary producers
algae; photosynthetic bacteria
300
Term used to describe sewage and fertilizer runoff from humans which causes blooms of cyanobacteria and algae in lakes which use up the oxygen in the water
eutrophication
300
Put the following in order of greatest to least production efficiency:
(fish, birds/mammals , insects)
insects – fish – bird/mammal
400
Using the trophic efficiency of 10% -What % of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis can flow to a secondary consumer?