Government & Democracy
This Athenian ruler started direct democracy and paid jurors so citizens of all social classes could participate.
Pericles
These two rival Greek city-states fought each other in the Peloponnesian War.
Athens and Sparta
Alexander the Great's famous philosopher tutor who taught him in his youth.
Aristotle
The word "Hellenistic" comes from Hellas, which is the native word for this country.
Greece
The ancient Greek temple built on the Acropolis dedicated to the patron goddess Athena.
Parthenon
A form of government in which citizens vote directly on all policies and laws rather than electing representatives.
Direct Democracy
Athens angered Sparta and other city-states by using money from this defensive alliance to rebuild their own city and navy.
Delian League
King Philip II united all of Greece for the first time after winning this key battle in 338 B.C.
Battle of Chaeronea
This Egyptian city became the ultimate center of Hellenistic culture, famous for its library, museum, and massive lighthouse.
Alexandria
The literal meaning of the Greek word philosophy.
"love of wisdom"
He laid the seeds of democracy in Athens by canceling debts for the poor and freeing enslaved farmers.
Solon
During the war, this disaster hit Athens while citizens were safe behind the city walls, killing about one-third of the population.
Plague
Macedonian military tactic using tight battle formations with overlapping shields and long 18-foot spears.
Phalanx
The term used to describe the geographic spread and blending of Greek culture across conquered lands.
Cultural Diffusion
The three distinct styles of columns developed in classical Greek architecture.
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
Cleisthenes created this body of citizens, chosen based on location, that proposed laws and debated policies.
Council of 500
Athens' disastrous attempt to take control of this rich colony ended in 200 lost ships and thousands of captured soldiers.
Syracuse
Alexander demonstrated his quick problem-solving skills in Asia by doing this to an ancient untieable knot.
slicing it in two with his sword (or untying the Gordian Knot)
Following Alexander's death, his empire was split among his generals into this many distinct kingdoms.
4 kingdoms
Famous author of short fables featuring animals that teach moral lessons.
Aesop
Unlike ancient Athens' direct democracy, the United States uses this type of democracy where citizens elect leaders to make laws.
Representative Democracy
After Athens surrendered, Sparta tore down Athens' walls, reduced its navy to 12 ships, and replaced its democracy with this government.
Oligarchy
Alexander's conquest stopped at this river because his weary soldiers refused to go any further after 11 years of fighting.
Indus River
This siege engine weapon was used by Philip II to hurl huge stones and shatter city walls.
Catapult
Greek philosopher known for using a question-and-answer teaching style who was sentenced to death for "corrupting the youth".
Socrates