Big Words
harmful substances that may cause birth defects.
teratogens
What is an example of assisted reproduction?
fertility medications, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm insertion, egg and gamete donation, and surrogacy
This nutrient is especially important during pregnancy to help prevent neural tube defects
folic acid
This hormone helps stimulate milk production after birth.
prolactin
In this type of adoption, the birth parents and adoptive parents may have some form of ongoing contact or exchange of information.
open adoption
a malformation of the infant’s spinal column.
spina bifida
what is gamete donation?
sperm donated by a known or anonymous person.
The organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby.
the placenta
In Hawaii, how long is family paid leave?
4 weeks
What is colostrum?
The first milk produced after birth is especially rich in immune factors
What is preeclampsia
a pregnancy complication that can develop after the 20th week; signs include high blood pressure that can damage the kidneys and be fatal to mother and infant unless promptly treated.
what percent of all births are unplanned?
one third
What vitamins and nutrients may be recommended during pregnancy?
folic acid, iron, calcium, vitamin D
A series of test given after birth to test the newborns reflexes
the APGAR test
Babies can lose heat much more quickly than adults because they have a relatively large body surface area compared with their body mass. What does this make newborns especially vulnerable to?
hypothermia
Define: a malformation of the skull and brain; some areas may be missing.
Anencephaly
What horomone does a pregnacy test detect to show positive?
hCG
The fetus begins making this substance in the lungs that helps keep the air sacs from collapsing after birth.
surfactant
What is the Moro reflex?
This reflex causes a newborn to suddenly extend their arms when startled
Scenario: A grandmother takes care of her grandchild because the child's parents are unable to do so, but the parents' legal relationship with the child is not necessarily terminated. Which pathway to becoming a caregiver does this situation most closely describe?
legal guardianship
This term describes the transfer of fetal cells into the mother's body, where some can remain for years or even decades.
fetal microchimerism
Most fertilization does not happen immediately after intercourse because sperm can survive in the reproductive tract for several days, while an egg is viable for a much shorter period. Approximately how long can sperm survive under favorable conditions?
5 days
A person can have fetal cells from a previous pregnancy still present years later. Researchers have even investigated whether these cells may participate in tissue repair. What type of cells can be involved?
fetal stem/progenitor cells
In attachment theory, this refers to a child's expectations about themselves and relationships with other people based on early experiences.
internal working models
Infertility is generally defined as being unable to conceive after this amount of time of regular unprotected intercourse.
12 months