Pre-Columbian America
These three crops were commonly grown together by Native peoples of the Southwest.
What are corn, beans, and squash?
This instrument helped sailors determine direction.
What is the compass?
Founded in 1607, this became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What is Jamestown?
These two valuable commodities helped make West African kingdoms wealthy.
What are gold and salt?
This term describes the movement of plants, animals, people, diseases, and products among the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This political alliance united several Native nations in the Eastern Woodlands.
What is the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy?
This navigational instrument used the sun or stars to help sailors estimate their position.
What is the astrolabe?
This profitable cash crop helped Jamestown survive and grow.
What is tobacco?
This ruler of Mali became famous for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.
Who was Mansa Musa?
Name one crop that traveled from the Americas to Europe or Africa.
What are corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, cacao, beans, or squash? Accept any one.
These portable homes allowed some Great Plains peoples to move as food supplies changed.
What are tipis?
This smaller, maneuverable ship was well suited for ocean voyages.
What is the caravel?
This Jamestown leader imposed discipline and emphasized that colonists needed to work.
Who was Captain John Smith?
This West African city became an important center of trade and learning.
What is Timbuktu?
This European disease caused catastrophic population losses among Native Americans.
What is smallpox?
This civilization built a large empire along the western side of South America.
What is the Inca civilization?
European contact with Asia during these religious wars increased demand for spices and other Eastern goods.
What were the Crusades?
This economic system used colonies to supply raw materials and purchase manufactured goods from the mother country.
What is mercantilism?
This term describes the brutal forced Atlantic voyage endured by enslaved Africans.
What is the Middle Passage?
A letter or firsthand account written during a historical event represents this type of source.
What is a primary source?
Name two kinds of evidence archaeologists use to study pre-Columbian cultures.
What are artifacts, structures, bones, tools, pottery, or human remains? Accept any two.
This religious movement encouraged some Europeans to migrate so they could practice and spread their beliefs.
What was the Reformation?
This elected representative assembly first met in Virginia in 1619.
What is the House of Burgesses?
Explain one important difference between earlier African systems of slavery and later Atlantic plantation slavery.
Earlier African systems varied and did not always use race as their basis. Atlantic plantation slavery became a hereditary, racialized system built around forced labor and profit.
Historians examine a source’s perspective, purpose, and this possible influence before deciding whether it is reliable.
What is bias?