Vocabulary
Definition:
A substance without a definite volume or shape.
Gas
True or False
There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
False! There is a fourth state of matter called plasma.
List 3 properties used to describe matter.
Texture, temperature, color, mass, and volume
Definition:
A mixture in which substances are spread out evenly and will not settle.
A solution
Give one example of a physical change.
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
What is the difference between evaporation and condensation?
Evaporation is when a liquid becomes a gas. Condensation is when a gas becomes a liquid.
How is mass measured?
Mass is measured using a balance. It uses units of grams or kilograms.
What is a solute?
A solute is a substance that is dissolved.
What properties might change during a chemical reaction? Give one example.
Color, smell, or state of matter
Definition:
The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of the element.
An atom
True or False
An ice cube is made of vibrating, closely-packed tiny particles.
True! An ice cube is a solid and solids have tiny particles that vibrate and stay close together.
A heavy brick weighs more than a fluffy pillow, but the pillow takes up more space. Which object has more matter? How do you know?
The brick has more matter because it has more mass.
Lemonade is an example of what?
A. crystals B. a solution
C. a solid D. a solute
B. Lemonade is a solution of sugar, water, and lemon juice that cannot be easily separated and it does not settle.
How can temperature affect physical and chemical changes?
Physical and chemical changes happen quicker or slower depending on the temperature.
Hot temp = fast, cold temp = slow
Definition:
The smallest particle of a compound that still has the properties of that compound.
A molecule
Bromine has a melting point of -7.05 degrees Celsius. What is its freezing point?
-7.05 degrees Celsius. Freezing and melting points of materials are the same.
What is an important property of metal that makes it useful for electricians?
Metal is a good conductor of electricity.
Look at the picture. Draw or write 4 parts of the mixture.
Which of these is an example of a chemical change?
A. melting butter B. making cookies
C. making orange juice D. blow up a balloon
B. Making cookies is an example of a chemical change because the ingredients have been combined, some have changed states, and they have different properties.
Definition:
Everything is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Atomic theory
Diamonds and graphite (the stuff in a pencil) are both made of carbon atoms. Why do they have different properties?
Carbon atoms are connected differently in diamonds and graphite. Diamond atoms are connected in a pyramid shape. Graphite atoms are connected in sheets.
What property does this describe?
The measure of the average amount of motion in particles of matter.
Temperature. When something is hot, the particles move faster than particles in something cold.
How would you separate a mixture of water, sand, salt, and iron filings into four separate parts?
Use a magnet to separate the iron filings, use a filter to separate the sand from the salt water, then let the water evaporate to separate out the salt.
Which of the following will cause a physical change to a slice of tomato?
A. pouring vinegar on it
B. cooking it
C. putting it in a blender
D. letting it rot
C. Putting it in a blender will chop up and liquefy the tomato, but will not change it into something else.