Psychodynamic Theories
Who created the psychodynamic theories and the ideas of an unconscious mind?
Sigmund Freud
Developer of psychosocial development.
Erik Erikson
“a relatively stable aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistent behavior.”
A Trait
This perspective focuses on observable behavior and reinforcement, ignoring personal choice and self-direction.
Behaviorism
This term describes the stability of test results over time.
Reliability
Categories of Freud's structure of personality.
Id, Ego, and Superego
Creator of analytical psychology.
Carl Jung
Who catalogued 18,000 human traits?
Gordon Allport
Developed by Albert Bandura, this theory emphasizes learning by observation and personal beliefs about ability.
Social-Cognitive Theory
Standardized questionnaires with limited response options, often used for interests and traits, are examples of this.
Objective Tests
The three categories of Freud's psychosexual development represented by his iceberg visual.
Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious
Creator of the inferiority complex and drive for superiority.
Alfred Adler
Creator of factor analysis.
Charles Spearman
According to Maslow, this represents the stage of being all one can be and following a unique growth path.
Self-actualization
This type of test uses ambiguous stimuli to allow people to project their personality in responses.
Projective tests
Category in Freud's structure of personality known as the reality principle.
Ego
Who were Neo-Freudians?
Psychologists who built off of Freud’s theory but tweaked it with their own ideas.
Who served as the basis for personality research?
Gordon Allport
Carl Rogers described this as an ongoing sense of who one is and how one reacts to the environment.
The self
The process that allows comparison of an individual’s test scores to groups of the same age, gender, or other characteristics.
Standardization
The principles that go with Freud's three structures of personality.
Id: pleasure principle
Ego: reality principle
Superego: moral principle
Who argued that little girls do not feel inferior to boys?
Karen Horney
Individual who thought personality was caused by certain levels of yellow bile, sanguine, phlegm, and black bile in the body
Hippocrates' Theory
This cultural orientation defines self in terms of group membership and prioritizes the group’s goals.
Collectivists
Tests like the Rorschach Inkblot and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are examples of this type of personality assessment.
Projective Tests