DNA
What did we create using marshmallows and licorice
what is a double-helix DNA structure
Definition of RNA
a nucleic acid similar to DNA, but with the sugar ribose, and with uracil instead of thymine
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What are the two types of gene regulation
A permanent change that occurs in the cell’s DNA
What is a mutation
Who is the man who carried out experiments that led to the conclusion that a substance can transform bacteria.
who is Frederick Griffith
What are the three types of RNA
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Prokaryotic cells use ________ for gene regulation
operons
a section of DNA that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway.
what is operon
exons
DNA sequences that remain in the final mRNA
X-ray diffraction techniques indicated that DNA was what shape?
what is a double helix, or twisted ladder shape
The first step of the central dogma involves the synthesis of mRNA from DNA in a process called
what is transcription
Gene regulation is the ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the ____________
enviornment
translation
when the mRNA code is read and translated into a protein
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the 3 categories of mutations
point mutations, frameshift mutations, and chromosomal mutations
Name 1 good and 1 bad mutations
Good: Lactose Tolerance, High Bone Density, Apo A1 Milano, Malaria Resistance (HbC variant), and HIV Resistance (CCR5-delta 32) Bad: Marfan Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, Huntington’s Disease, and Cancer-inducing mutations
mutagen
Certain chemicals and radiation that can damage DNA