Defining Personality
______ ______ distinguish us from one another and make us unique.
Individual difference
This psychologist founded the movement known as psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
An approach to personality that claims people are essentially good and possess the desire to realize their full potential is known as the ________.
humanists approach
Which perspectives on personality did Walter Mischel conduct research?
social-cognitive learning
The quantitative trait loci approach looks for the location of specific bits of DNA on particular genes that might be associated with particular traits. These specific bits of DNA are also known as ________ of behavior.
genetic markers
Traits, motives, thoughts, feelings, and _____, are aspects of personality.
Self-concept
Sigmund and Anna Freud described psychological ________ as strategies that the mind develops to protect itself from anxiety-provoking desires, thoughts, and memories.
defense mechanisms
Abraham Maslow's concept of ________ refers to people's inherent drive to realize their full potential.
self-actualization
This trait theory psychologists used the idea that language would be a good place to start looking for the number of personality traits that existed.
Gordon Allport
On the basis of research examining universal changes in personality change across cultures, it has been found that people usually become ________ from early to mid-adulthood.
more open
Psychologists use the term ________ when they are referring to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual.
personality
Identify the theorist whose signature idea was that the unconscious has two distinct forms, namely personal and collective.
Carl Jung
According to Carl Rogers, ________ is the ability to respect and appreciate another person irrespective of their behavior.
unconditional positive regard
In the context of trait theories, the ________ is defined as a theory of personality that includes the following dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN).
Big Five Model
This animal shares a distinct conscientiousness dimension with humans.
chimpanzees
Being relatively consistent refers to _____?
personality
According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious of the human mind is made up of ________, which are ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences.
archetypes
According to Carl Rogers, _______ _______ it is congruent between the real and ideal selves.
psychological adjustment
This Big Five dimension of personality is best depicted by the description "How planned, organized, orderly, hard-working, controlled, persevering, punctual, and ambitious is someone?"
Conscientiousness
The ________ method of personality questionnaires involves using reason or theory to come up with a question.
Rorschach Inkblot
According to the concept of personality, the ________ of a person is the disposition to behave consistently in a particular way.
trait
________ was a new scientific movement started in the late 1990s that combined Freudian ideas with neuroscientific methods.
This is the core idea behind positive psychology.
focus on positive states and experiences
This Big Five dimension of personality is best depicted by the description "How friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and good-natured is someone?"
Agreeableness
According to the concept of personality, the ________ of a person is the disposition to behave consistently in a particular way.
trait