Theories
Age-related declines are caused because older people’s cognitive processing does not work as fast as that of younger adults
What is Processing Speed Theory ?
Buffers against memory declines and other cognitive declines in old age
What is education and lifestyle ?
TOTs
What is Tip-of-the-tongue states ?
The ability of an individual to remember from whom or where (that is, what source) he or she learned something
What is Source memory ?
An area of the brain associated with learning and memory
What is Hippocampus ?
Argues that older adults relative to younger adults have a lessened ability to block out irrelevant stimulation
What is Inhibition Theory ?
Called this the use-it-or-lose-it hypothesis
Who is Salthouse ?
Many studies show that the number of TOTs with age, as the ability to rapidly retrieve words declines
What is increases ?
Our ability to reflect on and become aware of what we know and what we do not know
What is Monitoring ?
The bundles of neurons that connect one area of the brain to another
What are White matter tracts ?
A third theory of memory and aging argues that declines in memory are a function of a
What is declining use of appropriate memory strategies ?
Include reading the newspaper, performing in musical groups, doing crossword puzzles, or taking college-level courses, to name a few
What are mental activities ?
Showed that TOTs increased with vocabulary scores to a greater extent than TOTs increased with respect to age
Who is Dahlgren ?
Our ability to regulate our learning or retrieval based upon our own monitoring
What is Control ?
The inhibition in memory that occurs when people are asked to forget some information but not other information
What is Directed forgetting ?
Claimed that older adults engage in less self-initiated strategies
Who are Craik, Morris, and Gick ?
Older adults who engage in complex mental activity on a regular basis are more likely to preserve function, whereas those who do not are more likely to suffer declines
What is Use it or Lose it hypothesis ?
From a metamemory perspective, TOTs serve an
What is important function ?
Judgments made during study of whether the item has been learned
What is Judgments of learning ?
The neurocognitive memory system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information concerning knowledge of the world
What is Semantic memory ?
Participants are asked to remember some information but are explicitly told to forget other information
What is directed forgetting ?
Found out that working memory practice does not lead to significant improvement in working memory tasks in older adults
Who is Craik et al. ?
Is an area of preserved function in older adulthood
What is Metamemory ?
Interventions that clinical neuropsychologists use to promote memory performance in memory-impaired individuals
What is Memory rehabilitation ?
The neurocognitive memory system that encodes, stores, and retrieves memories of our personal individual experiences
What is Episodic memory ?