Memory in Infants and Children
Infants as young as this age can form an association between two objects even without reinforcement.
What is 6 months?
The type of "automatic" memory, such as procedural skills, that remains relatively stable as people age.
What is implicit memory?
A child saying "I ranned" or "two mouses" is demonstrating this linguistic phenomenon.
What is overregularization?
The research paradigm where an infant's foot is tied to a mobile to measure their memory for physical actions.
What is the conjugate reinforcement task?
The cognitive task of identifying the origin of a memory, which is specifically difficult for older adults.
What is source monitoring?
The social rules and world knowledge that allow people to communicate effectively and take turns in conversation.
What are pragmatics?
The term for the inability of adults to retrieve memories of events that happened before age 2 or 3.
What is infantile amnesia?
The tendency for older adults to recall pleasant information more accurately than unpleasant information.
What is the positivity effect?
This happens when a child uses a word like "doggy" to refer to a wide variety of four-legged animals.
What is overextension?
A theoretical explanation for infantile amnesia suggesting infants lack a sense of being a distinct person.
What is a self-concept?
The type of memory for general knowledge and facts that usually does not decline in late adulthood.
What is semantic memory?
The process by which children learn a new word after only one or two exposures by using context clues.
What is fast mapping?
Mental structures that help children organize knowledge but can lead to "filling in the blanks" incorrectly during recall.
What are schemas?
A person's belief in their own memory's effectiveness, which can influence how well they perform on memory tasks.
What is memory self-efficacy?
By this age range, most children have learned to adjust their speech based on the listener's level of knowledge.
What is 2 to 4 years old?