The Double Origin of Manufacture
Cooperation based on the division of labor is the typical form of this production process.
Manufacture
Manufacture allows individual handicraft workers to produce more due to this change in the scale of their work.
A single step in the production process (which can then be perfected)
"The mechanical fitting together of separately made product parts" describes this form of manufacture.
Heterogeneous
The division of labor in general, particular, and detail correspond to these three scales.
Large categories (agriculture, industry), species/subspecies (different branches of industry), and within the workshop.
Because an increase in the expenditure of variable capital requires a likewise increase to constant capital, manufacture requires that this continually increases.
The minimum amount of capital held by a capitalist.
Compared to simple cooperation, under manufacture laborers lose the ability to complete this.
Complete the full production process
The development of castes and guilds was an earlier example of this concept of organizing work.
Social division of labor
"Assembled using a series of connected processes and shaping" describes this form of manufacture.
Organic
In early civilizations, the division of labor was primarily based on this.
Physiological differences between people.
The combining of many specialized laborers under a capitalist creates this new power.
The productive power of capital.
The continual rearrangement of work, isolation of laborers, and breaking down of steps during the production process is known as this.
The systemic division of labor
Manufacture's isolation of laborers to one step of the production process allows for the removal of these from the laborday.
Gaps (breaks) when moving between steps
Combining handicrafts together under manufacture shortens the distance between each steps and allows for this improvement.
Increased productive power of labor
The introduction of this social relation in early civilizations causes individual production processes to begin forming the social division of labor.
Exchange between communities.
Due to this change in how laborers work under manufacture, they become unable to work outside the workshop.
Restricting workers to a single step in the production process.
Manufacture arises, in one way, through the consolidation of various handicraft trades under this.
A single capitalist
Tools undergo a similar process to workers under manufacture, changing from general purpose to this.
Specialized instruments of labor
Establishing and maintaining connections between isolated steps in the production process requires this of the article of labor.
Constant transport from one process to the next
The division of labor in society requires this material condition.
A density of population.
This monotony and simplicity of a laborer's work under manufacture causes this physiological change.
Degradation of mind and body.
The consolidation of many craftsmen performing the same type of labor (another origin of manufacture) is an example of this.
Simple cooperation
The specialization and division of the instruments of labor under manufacture lays the groundwork for this future development.
Machines
Manufacture requires that each step in the production process be completed in a set period of time because of this quality of each worker's "finished product?"
Each worker's product forms the material for the next step in the process (therefore, if one process fails to complete on time, the entire production stops).
"Density" of population for the division of labor is relative due to this technology.
Means of communication.
Due to the psychological impact manufacture was inflicting on worker's, this intervention was proposed.
Compulsory state education.